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[ { "title": "LEARN | Understanding Power Factor Correction - pt 1", "nid": "482", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Factory 2\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022dc094138-0131-4185-991a-c8b54bcfcef6\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Emailer%20image.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAre you considering efforts to reduce the electricity cost in your plant? Do you require extra power for a plant upgrade, but without having to change the existing electrical supply?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you answered \u2018Yes!\u2019, then you will appreciate this \u003Cstrong\u003ENEW\u003C/strong\u003E series on \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Epower factor correction\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this informative 2-part read, we begin by outlining what power factor is. In the second article, we will discuss power factor correction and how it is performed to achieve a maximum power factor of 1 (unity).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat is the Power Factor?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe power factor is a ratio between the true/active power (kW) and the total apparent power (kVA) that is consumed by an AC electrical equipment, or a complete electrical installation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is used to measure how efficiently electrical power is converted to useful work output. Under ideal conditions, a value of 1 represents maximum efficiency, and anything less than that requires more power to perform the actual task.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA power factor of 0.8 represents more losses in the system and will ultimately cost the consumer more. If a power factor is less than 1, the \u2018missing\u2019 power is referred to as reactive power (kVAR). Reactive power is required to provide a magnetising field that is needed for motors and other inductive loads. An improvement in the power factor will significantly reduce losses since they are proportional to the square of the current.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe power factor is expressed in two ways:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPower Factor (pf) = Active power (kW) / the total power (kVA)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe cosine of the angle (\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;\u0026#10;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\u0026#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:\u0026#10;Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\u0026#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-ZA;mso-fareast-language:\u0026#10;EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0022\u003Ej\u003C/span\u003E) between the useful power and the total power.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tpf = cos(\u003Cspan style=\u0022font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;\u0026#10;font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\u0026#10;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:\u0026#10;Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:\u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\u0026#10;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-ZA;mso-fareast-language:\u0026#10;EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol\u0022\u003Ej\u003C/span\u003E)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Power triangle\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022dad05056-aff3-4f62-a158-4032b2c2cfc9\u0022 height=\u0022135\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Power%20Triangle.png\u0022 width=\u0022242\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe above diagram represents the power triangle.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Beer Analogy\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EBeer is used to explain the power factor. As seen in the image below, the beer represents the active power (kW). This is the useful power, which is the energy that performs the actual work.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe foam is the reactive power (kVAR) and represents the wasted or lost power. It is the energy that is produced but is not doing any work. Depending on the application, the result of this energy is either heat or vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe mug represents the apparent power (kVA) which is the total amount of power that is being delivered by the utility.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Beer Analogy\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022598ba50a-18a9-4716-87b0-3754b2c30447\u0022 height=\u0022271\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Beer.png\u0022 width=\u0022340\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the Sources of Reactive Power?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMotors\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPower transformers\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWelding machines\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EElectric arc furnaces\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EInductors\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELighting ballasts\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy Improve the Power Factor?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe following are the benefits of improving the power factor in your plant:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EReduction in the electricity bills.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAllows for there to be extra KVA available from the existing supply.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EReduction in I\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C/sup\u003ER losses in transformers and distribution equipment.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EReduction in the voltage drop experienced.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EEquipment lifespan will be extended as the electrical burden on cables and electrical components will be reduced.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELearn more\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the next article, we discuss how to perform power factor correction.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECan\u2019t wait until then?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us, we can offer you the best technical advice on our range of solutions for power factor correction and energy management solutions.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "PRODUCT NEWS | Klingspor cutting-off wheel A60 TZ Special", "nid": "581", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Kronenflex A60 TZ \u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00229129b2a2-f3dd-405e-b0d7-4169517fc9d9\u0022 height=\u0022255\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Picture2_1.png\u0022 width=\u0022341\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile exceptionally thin at merely 1 mm, The Klingspor Kronenflex cutting-off wheel A 60 TZ Special delivers high aggressiveness and long service life. This highly effective wheel truly shines when used for cutting metal sheets, thin pipes or profiles made of\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Estainless steel,\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Esteel and\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ENon-ferrous metal.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Klingspor Kronenflex cutting-off wheel A 60 TZ Special is predominantly used for maintenance and repairs in fabrication shops as well as in plant engineering and steel construction.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProperties of the Kronenflex cutting-off wheels A 60 TZ Special\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKronenflex cutting-off wheels A 60 TZ Special are\u00A0free of iron, sulphur and chlorine. These wheels allow the user to process\u00A0stainless steel\u00A0with ultimate speed and minimal tool pressure. The resulting fast cutting times keep at a minimum both burr formation and the thermal load both on the workpiece and on the cutting-off wheel. Made of corundum or aluminium oxide, the abrasive grain Klingspor has selected for this product is made synthetically, which guarantees excellent quality that will not diminish over time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKlingspor\u2019s Special performance class offers high-performance products that are geared towards special types of application. Within their range of application, these wheels are guaranteed to combine extremely long service life with superior cutting performance. Klingspor tests this cutting-off wheel as required by oSa directives and guarantees compliance with safety standard EN 12413.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAvoiding any danger during work with Kronenflex cutting-off wheels. Working on\u00A0stainless steel\u00A0with cutting-off wheels or grinding discs does not have to involve danger. Injuries are caused by coming into contact with the rotating wheel, by breakage of the abrasive disc or by grinding dust or debris.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese risks can easily be averted. To keep the abrasive disc from breaking, we recommend checking the wheel for wear or damage before use. You should also check the expiration date of the wheel.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe maximum operating speed indicated on each label must not be exceeded. Protection against grinding dust and debris is easily achieved by wearing the appropriate protective equipment. The complete set of protective equipment is comprised of hearing protection, protective goggles, dust mask and gloves.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResources:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E1.\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/m-a60tz.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDOWNLOAD\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E the product brochure\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2.\u00A0\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003ECHAT\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u00A0to us for a Klingspor solution for your facility\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E3.\u00A0\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003ESUBSCRIBE\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u00A0to receive these articles and more, straight to your inbox!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Nov 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Products, Klingspor" }, { "title": "READ | The Fifth Generation Mobile Network is here!", "nid": "480", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u00225G\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00226d02abd8-e49e-4fc7-9d72-bd8087ac9cc9\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/5G%20-%20edited.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIs your facility connected to a mobile network that is slow in speed? Is your equipment taking too long to upload pertinent system information? Are you often having to deal with frustrated employees or customers as a result?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this quick informative article, we introduce you to the 5G mobile network \u2013 the answer to slow and delayed communication. Learn about how 5G compares against the previous generation and how it could potentially affect your business.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat is 5G?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E5G is the new global wireless standard, known as the 5\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C/sup\u003E generation mobile network. The network is designed with the intention of \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=READ--Are-you-ready-for-Industry-40\u0022\u003Econnecting everyone virtually\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E, with the inclusion of machines, objects, and devices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is a wireless technology that delivers higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform experience for its users.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the Technologies that make up 5G?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe 5G network is based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This is a method that modulates a digital signal across multiple channels so that interference is reduced. The network also implements 5G New Radio (NR) air interface that works together with OFDM for a significantly faster and more responsive mobile network experience.\u00A0 The use of 5G NR will enable more people and devices to access the network so that a variety of functions can be performed.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMacro cell towers were used to transmit over long distances for the four previous generations of mobile networks, however, 5G will make use of wider bandwidths. This is done by expanding the usage of spectrum resources, from a minimum of 3 GHz that is used for 4G to approximately 100 GHz and more. It will also operate in the lower bandwidth range, resulting in a wider capacity, multi-Gbps throughput and a lower latency.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe below diagram depicts the Range of Frequencies each of the Mobile Network Generations Operate in.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Range of Frequencies\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022bc840879-afbf-4160-bdd1-c766d3efece8\u0022 height=\u0022249\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/5G%20Diagram.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022417\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow is 5G better that 4G?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Speed\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n5G is significantly faster than 4G.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Greater capacity\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe mobile network is implemented to support a 100 times increase in traffic capacity and network efficiency.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Lower latency\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe network decreases the latency by up to 10 times, so that it can deliver instantaneous, real time access.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Greater capability\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E4G LTE was designed to provide faster mobile broadband services when being compared to 3G, but 5G focuses on delivering a unified, more capable platform which elevates mobile broadband experiences and supports new services such as mission-critical communications.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. Better use of Spectrum\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E5G is designed to use most of every bit of spectrum from low bands below 1 GHz, to mid bands that are between 1 GHz and 6 GHz, as well as operate on higher bands that are known as millimetre wave (mmWave).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow could 5G potentially impact your Business?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EManufacturing\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe use of 5G technology in a manufacturing plant could allow for the production operations to be more flexible and efficient, whilst enhancing safety. It will also enable manufacturers to enhance their \u2018smart factories\u2019 which leverage automation, artificial intelligence or augmented reality. Robots could also be controlled, monitored, or reconfigured remotely over the mobile network.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=READ--Are-you-ready-for-Industry-40\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERead more about Industry 4.0 here.\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEnergy \u0026amp; Utilities\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe use of the 5G mobile network could lead to innovative solutions in energy production, transmission, distribution, and usage. 5G could also unleash the next wave of smart grid features and efficiency. As the number of smart grids increase, energy management will become more efficient whilst a reduction in electricity peaks and energy costs will occur. 5G increases the lifespan of battery-dependent devices and supports drones that are used to monitor transmission of production assets.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERetail\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOnline shopping has become popular amongst consumers globally and the migration to mobile shopping has occurred because of 4G. The online shopping experience could be vastly improved if mobile connections were 10 times faster. \u00A05G could allow for Virtual Reality (VR) dressing rooms as well as Augmented Reality (AR) experiences in store and at home. This will allow customers to try on as many outfits as they would like from the comfort of their home.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=READ--The-IoT-Story\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERead more about the Internet of Things here.\u00A0\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhen will 5G be implemented?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ECarriers started rolling out the 5G network in 2020, but with limited availability as it is still in the earliest phase of deployment. The network will be more available for users by the end of 2021.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe implementation of 5G in your business could improve productivity of your employees, increase sales and ensure customer satisfaction is achieved continuously. If it is already available in your area, make the switch to this high speed, low latency network!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EGet your facility optimized for 5G - \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0to us about our range of solutions for Smart facilities.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Mar 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "PRODUCT NEWS | Schneider\u0026#039;s NEW ComPacT NSX MCB", "nid": "503", "body": "\u003Cp\u003ENew to our extensive range of \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/videos.html#Schneider\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESchneider Electric\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E products and solutions is the New Generation ComPacT NSX Moulded Circuit Breaker.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Schneider Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Schneider Compact NSXm\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002245255504-273a-4540-ae36-33b7066a7305\u0022 height=\u0022279\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Schneider%20Compact%20NSX.png\u0022 width=\u0022470\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ComPacT range now comes connectivity-ready, and modular \u201Cplug-and-play\u201D accessories expand the capacity for advanced monitoring capabilities. By keeping the new units the same shape and size as their predecessors, electrical professionals can easily retrofit breakers already in use. This also opens the opportunity to expanding the capabilities of ComPacT circuit breakers trans-generationally to unleash digital intelligence.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe simplified wireless connectivity feature revolutionizes and enhances installing, maintaining, or upgrading the all-new ComPacT range. New wireless auxiliaries give users improved insight into their electric distribution system, to maximize power availability. By putting data in the hands of users anywhere, anytime, for increased monitoring and decision making, this advancement redefines how we work in the IoT age.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe are the largest distributors of Schneider Electric products in South Africa and boast\u00A0in-depth Schneider product knowledge and technical expertise.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeed a Schneider Electric solution for your facility? \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Schneider Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Products, Schneider" }, { "title": "NEW SERIES | Understanding Variable Speed Drives - pt 3", "nid": "478", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Food beverage\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00222f120237-d0ed-4ba4-bbe2-ea98a3934799\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/food-beverage.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWe\u2019re wrapping up our series on Variable Speed Drives! Missed out on the first two articles?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=NEW-SERIES--Understanding-Variable-Speed-Drives---pt-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E, we introduced you to the basic principle of operation of a VSD, and touched on their key benefits\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=NEW-SERIES--Understanding-Variable-Speed-Drives---pt-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 2\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E, we gave an overview of the types of VSD\u2019s, and delve into how a VSD works\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this article, we discuss sizing a VSD, energy savings of a VSD and then we end of by touching on direct online and star-delta starters. \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ESizing A VSD\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe sizing of a VSD should be done based on the motor current and voltage. This can be obtained from the nameplate of the motor.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E1. Full Load Amps\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOne should look at the full load amps when sizing a VSD. The full load amps are the magnitude of current that the motor will draw when operating at full load and rated speed. When sizing the VSD, it is critical to look at the full load amps plus any additional overload that the application may require.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E2. Service Factor Amps\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn pumping applications, the pump manufacturer may size the motor to operate in its service factor. This ensures that the pump maintains its flow or head conditions when required. It is important to verify the continuous amps when it is in this overload operation and size the VSD accordingly.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EEnergy Savings of a VSD\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe energy savings that can be made by implementing VSD\u2019s differ according to the load types of the motors. Below are common types used, and the energy savings that can be obtained with the use of VSD\u2019s.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022energy savings\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00220df92457-1602-4c54-8cff-9e4003f858a4\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/energy%20savings.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1.\u003C/strong\u003E\u00A0\u003Cstrong\u003EVariable Torque\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Variable torque characteristic is usually associated with centrifugal pumps and fans and it is a load type which represents the biggest potential for energy savings. This is true as the power required varies with the speed cubed. This means that a reduction in speed of 80% will result in a 51 % (0.8*0.8*0.8 =0.512) reduction in the power consumed. This represents a significant savings in energy and due to pumps and fans being a third of industrial motors, the use of VSD\u2019s will create a large increase in energy efficiency.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Constant Torque\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis is a characteristic that is associated with conveyors and air compressors. The power required is directly proportional to speed. This indicates that a reduction in speed by 50% will result in an energy savings of 50%.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Constant Power\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Constant Power characteristic is associated with machine tools and centre winders. These are loads that operate at a constant power. A reduction in speed will rarely produce any energy savings, hence VSD\u2019s will not find much application in this case.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EEquipment such as Direct Online Starters (DOL), star delta starter, auto transformers as well as soft starters are also used to control rotating machinery. The disadvantage of the equipment listed is that they use a high starting current. This will result in a premature wear and tear on the couplings, squealing belts, and gearboxes, and could even cause damage to both material and product.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhen a VSD is used, it will start at a zero current and slowly increase to the load required, depending on the application. This is implemented with a \u2018controlled\u2019 and adjustable ramp up and ramp down. \u00A0As a result of this, there can be a reduction in energy costs, maintenance and down time.\u00A0 A plant will also experience a reduction in their carbon footprint because of the energy savings achieved.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA VSD is often found together with motor-powering equipment. The inverter is used to control the speed of the motor, which is relative to the demand of the application, seamlessly ramping the motor up and down.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn analogy that is often associated with a VSD is that of a car. The VSD performs the function of controlling the motor just like the gears of a car. Operating a motor without the use of a controlled starting would be equivalent to starting the car in a top gear. Also, the lack of control is equivalent to speeding up to a red light and braking sharply within the final few metres, instead of gently slowing down the car before you approach the red light. This will result in the car burning more fuel and allowing it to experience severe stress, causing the ride to be bumpy and uneven.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EDirect Online Starters\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDirect Online (DOL) starting is used to simply switch the motor on in operation with a direct connection from the power source. It is associated with smaller loads as the starting current can be up to ten times the full load current. A contactor is used to switch power and either a thermal or electronic overload relay is implemented to provide motor protection. It is the simplest and cheapest method of starting a motor, but power supply limitations for the starting current has to be considered.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDOL starters are used in motors where a high rush current does not result in excessive voltage drops in the supply circuit.\u00A0 It is commonly used in small water pumps, conveyor belts, fans, and compressors.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EStar-Delta Starters\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ECertain motors can also be started using the star-delta method. The motor is first connected in a \u2018star\u2019 configuration which enables the motor to gather speed without drawing excessive current. When the motor is up to speed it is then connected in a normal \u2018delta\u2019 configuration. The method can reduce the starting current demand by up to 30%.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA star-delta starter is used in applications where the required starting current is low and where the line current drawn must be a minimum value. It is not suitable for applications where high start torque delivery is required. If a motor is heavily loaded, there will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor up to speed before switching over to a delta position. A centrifugal compressor is an example of an application that uses a star-delta starter.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDo you need advice on the best VSD for your specific application?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0to our team of electrical experts now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Mar 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" } ]