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[ { "title": "DOWNLOAD | Our Back-Up Power Catalogue is out now!", "nid": "421", "body": "\u003Cp\u003EIf you\u0027re fed up with load shedding, or want to mitigate the risk and inconvenience of other power outages, then turn to Back-Up Power!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGet the latest version of our Back-Up Power catalogue...\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.demo.ecatonline.co.za/websites/magnetgroup/download/magnet-back-up-power-catalogue.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDOWNLOAD\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E your copy now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.demo.ecatonline.co.za/websites/magnetgroup/download/magnet-back-up-power-catalogue.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Back Up Power catalogue\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00220eeaa8f7-cb1d-4ab6-90d7-4cbaf7650eb8\u0022 height=\u0022580\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Catalogue.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022402\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Sep 2020", "terms": "Back-Up Power, Products" }, { "title": "LEARN | Condition Monitoring (part 2) - Vibration", "nid": "491", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022vibration analysis\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022e3be24b6-98c1-4bd9-a6e7-b9bda50c6d24\u0022 height=\u0022309\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Fluke%20Vibration_0.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022465\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMonitoring machines for \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Evibration\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E can save you time and money. A machine going offline can impact quality and production. Monitoring machines for vibration issues identifies trends and helps reduce the potential for the machine going offline.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn our \u003Cstrong\u003ENEW series on Condition Monitoring\u003C/strong\u003E, we\u2019re unpacking what it entails to implement a condition monitoring system in a facility.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E, we start by reviewing the various benefits of a condition monitoring system, the commonly used techniques and the different types of condition monitoring systems that are implemented.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-2---Vibration\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 2\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0and\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-3---Vibration-continued\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 3\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E, we unpack vibration monitoring. We progress in the series with\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 4\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0\u2013 an over view of motor circuit analysis. We end the series with\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-pt-5---Residual-Current-Monitoring\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 5\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0- residual current monitoring.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is Vibration? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVibration is simply a back and forth movement\u2014or oscillation\u2014of machines and components in motorized equipment. Vibration in industrial equipment can be a symptom, or cause, of a problem, or it can be associated with normal operation. For example, oscillating sanders and vibratory tumblers rely on vibration to function. Internal combustion engines and gear drives, on the other hand, experience a certain amount of unavoidable vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the most common causes of vibration? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVibration can indicate a problem and if left unchecked can cause damage or expedited deterioration. Vibration can be caused by one or more factors at any given time, the most common being imbalance, misalignment, wear and looseness.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Imbalance\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA \u0022heavy spot\u0022 in a rotating component will cause vibration when the unbalanced weight rotates around the machine\u0027s axis, creating a centrifugal force. As machine speed increases the effects of imbalance become greater. Imbalance can severely reduce bearing life as well as cause undue machine vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Misalignment\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVibration can result when machine shafts are out of line. Angular misalignment occurs when the axes of (for example) a motor and pump are not parallel. Misalignment can be caused during assembly or develop over time, due to thermal expansion, components shifting or improper reassembly after maintenance. The resulting vibration can be radial or axial (in line with the axis of the machine) or both.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Wear\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAs components such as ball or roller bearings, drive belts or gears become worn, they might cause vibration. When a roller bearing race becomes pitted, for instance, the bearing rollers will cause a vibration each time they travel over the damaged area. A gear tooth that is heavily chipped or worn, or a drive belt that is breaking down, can also produce vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Looseness\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVibration that might otherwise go unnoticed can become obvious and destructive if the component that is vibrating has loose bearings or is loosely attached to its mounts. Such looseness might or might not be caused by the underlying vibration. Whatever its cause, looseness can allow any vibration present to cause damage, such as further bearing wear, wear and fatigue in equipment mounts and other components.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the effects of vibration?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVibration can accelerate machine wear, consume excess power, and cause equipment to be taken out of service, resulting in unplanned downtime. Other effects of vibration include safety issues and diminished working conditions. When measured and analysed properly, however, vibration can play an important role in preventive maintenance programs. It can serve as an indicator of machine condition and allow plant maintenance professionals to act before damage or disaster strike.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConsider these variables when analysing vibration:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDirection, such as radial or axial\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAmplitude, severity\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFrequency, expressed in cycles per minute (CPM) or Hertz (Hz)\u2014one Hz equals one second, or 60 CPM\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPlant maintenance technicians need to be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal vibration. A good understanding of vibration basics and the right tool is all a plant maintenance technician needs to quickly and reliably get to the bottom of vibration-related issues, including finding the root cause and severity, then determining the need for service or repair.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAre you looking for solution to mitigate the effects of vibration?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to our experts about the Fluke range of vibration testers and software!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Understanding SANS10142 - DC Installations", "nid": "490", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022PV installation\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00228ed0a583-c032-4236-b0ea-5b0bcdd68430\u0022 height=\u0022282\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/solar-power-installer.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022471\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EInstalling a PV system? Are you familiar with the guidelines set for DC installations in SANS10142-1:2020?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ENot really? Then this article is for YOU!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWe\u2019re unpacking the SANS10142-1 DC installation standards, to ensure you understand what is required to perform these installations safely. In this article, we give an overview of equipment selection, earthing requirements, overcurrent protection, earth faults and disconnection.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Selection of Equipment and Circuits\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is required that all the equipment, as well as the protection devices, that are used in a DC installation operate on DC voltages. Furthermore, they must be suitably rated for the installation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf batteries are used in an installation, all protection devices and conductors selected must be based on the batteries\u2019 short-circuit current rating.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe live polarity of an installation is the conductor that is not connected to earth. This can either be a positive on a negative-earth system or a negative on a positive-earth system. The earth or \u201C0V\u2019\u201D polarity is the conductor that is connected to earth.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEarthing \u0026amp; Bonding Requirements for DC power supply circuit installations\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EEarth electrodes shall comply with the specifications set out by SANS 1063, and must be installed in accordance with the SANS 10199 document. These electrodes must be bonded to the main earthing terminal of the electrical installation. Moreover, the main earthing terminal of the installation should be bonded to the consumers\u2019 earth terminal.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is required that the common bonding network should be bonded to the main earthing terminal by at least one point.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe accessible conductive parts of the installation such as rectifier cabinets, equipment racks, equipment cabinets, enclosures, grids, wires should be bonded to the common bonding network.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EFurthermore, in the event of a fault occurring between the live power conductor of the secondary supply and the common bonding network, then the DC return path in its entire length must be able to carry the subsequent overcurrent.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOvercurrent Protection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is a requirement that an overcurrent protection device be installed at both ends of the conductor between the live terminals of the battery and the battery charger, and as close as possible to the terminals.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EFor other circuits that are part of the installation, the following overcurrent protection is required:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EEach phase conductor that is part of the installation should be protected against overload and short-circuit currents by at least one protective device. The protective devices that are selected must have a rated current that does not exceed the lowest of the current-carrying capabilities of any of the conductors of the circuit. These protective devices must have a minimum\u00A0 short circuit rating of 2.5 kA.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA DC installation that consists of multiple sources of power must have each source of power protected individually.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe following should be noted:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col style=\u0022list-style-type:lower-alpha;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn example of an overcurrent protective device could be a circuit-breaker that interrupts the supply to all the phase conductors of the circuit.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA single device or separate devices can be used to provide for both overload and short-circuit protection.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe protective device is not required to disconnect the neutral conductor unless stated in the SANS 10142 document.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf an installation consists of a control device, then each circuit that feeds from such a device requires an overcurrent protection device.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003Cstrong\u003EProtection of an Installation or a Live Conductor Against Earth Faults\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E1. The nominal cross-sectional area of the earth continuity conductor must be selected according to the table below:\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022table 1\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00226ed0bb89-8caf-42bb-954b-fb0bf07aab96\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Table%201_0.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E2. There should be suitable protection installed.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E3. The earth fault detection and disconnecting device can be installed at the point of control of the installation, when the supply cannot be automatically disconnected by an earth fault current whose magnitude is double the rated current, or higher. The device should be installed so that it operates at a current related to the earth-loop impedance that will limit prospective touch voltages under short-circuit fault conditions to 25V, for a period not exceeding 5 seconds.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt should be noted that:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col style=\u0022list-style-type:lower-alpha;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThese requirements can be achieved with the use of \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003Ean earth-leakage device\u003C/a\u003E that has a rated earth-leakage tripping current not exceeding 300 mA. Devices that are installed with a time delay will ensure discrimination with earth leakage protection devices in final circuits.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe use of separate earth fault protection that consist of sensitive earth leakage protection can sometimes be not practicable when large currents are involved.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDisconnection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf the DC installation consists of one of the polarities being connected to earth, then all switch disconnectors and protective devices must break the live polarity only. The return circuit should not be disconnected or broken.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is vital to note that the entire system must be safely installed by the guidelines and standards that are set out by the entire SANS 10142-1:2020 document, and not only the DC Installation section.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsidering installing a \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003EPV system\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E? We can assist with a design, guide you on products, and ensure a compliant installation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003Eto us now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\n", "created": "May 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Condition Monitoring (part 1)", "nid": "489", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Condition monitoring\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00221124ef20-b64b-4305-b6d7-3baa02407025\u0022 height=\u0022318\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/condition%20monitoring%20newsletter.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022737\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EEmploying a \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Econdition monitoring system\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E in your facility can ensure the reliability of your operations. How? By implementing processes to monitor your equipment, you can ensure machine up-time, the reduction in consequential damage to machinery, and the improvement of the overall operational efficiency.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this NEW series, we introduce you to condition monitoring.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 1, we start by reviewing the various benefits of a condition monitoring system, the commonly used techniques and the different types of condition monitoring systems that are implemented.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-2---Vibration\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 2\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E and \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-3---Vibration-continued\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 3\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E, we unpack vibration monitoring. We progress in the series with \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-part-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 4\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0\u2013 an over view of motor circuit analysis. We end the series with \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Condition-Monitoring-pt-5---Residual-Current-Monitoring\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 5\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E - residual current monitoring.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is Condition Monitoring?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EConsidering that unexpected faults or shutdowns can result in production loss, or even a fatal accident, a process must be implemented to mitigate these. Condition monitoring is a system of continuously monitoring operational characteristics of a machine. It is put in place to predict the need of maintenance, before machinery deterioration or a breakdown can occur. A condition monitoring system provides information about the machine, to pre-empt failures thus reducing downtime. Information such as the vibrations in a machine, its operating temperature or condition of its oil is recorded.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022CM \u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002209cb9eff-5dc4-40a0-8297-96171f7651e0\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/CM%20Diagram.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the most common methods for Condition Monitoring?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Trend Monitoring\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis involves the continuous, regular measurement and interpretation of data. A suitable and measurable indication of machine or component deterioration must be selected. By studying these trends, one can determine when deterioration goes over the critical limit.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EFor example, airplane engine data can be tracked to detect and diagnose abnormalities in engine performance, leading to the prevention of significant damage.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003E2.\u00A0\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECondition Checking \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis method involves taking measurements periodically using an appropriate indicator, whilst the machine is in operation. This information is used to measure the condition of the machine at any given time. Consider the example of the use of an oil sight glass in order to check the condition of a machine\u2019s lubricant in real time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the Advantages of Condition Monitoring?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECondition monitoring outputs data in real time enabling the user to determine the root cause of a problem faster. The use of wireless technology on the equipment also connects employees with real time data by using smart phones or tables.\u00A0 The use of this system also enables the plant to go from a reactive approach to a predictive maintenance program, thus showcasing the health of the equipment without the need of additional labour.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn sum, the advantages of Condition Monitoring include:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EReduction in maintenance costs\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EReduced downtime\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EExtension of the asset life\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECost savings on prematurely changed resources\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EAre there any disadvantages of Condition Monitoring? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe downside of implementing a condition monitoring system is, unfortunately, the cost. Sensors, necessary tools, and the labour costs involved in installing the system result in an increase in expenditure. An added cost to train employees to use the equipment accurately and effectively must also be considered. The use of sensors in a harsh environment will also lead to them being damaged and requiring replacement more than anticipated.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat Condition Monitoring Techniques are currently used?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe conditions below are the most common techniques used presently to monitor machinery.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Vibration Analysis\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis process is implemented to measure and monitor the vibration level and frequencies of a machine. Vibration analysis allows for the detection of machine imbalance, bearing failures, mechanical looseness, misalignment, resonance and natural frequencies, electrical motor faults, bent shaft and cavitation. Estimations indicate that vibration warnings can provide a lead time of 3 months before a failure can\u00A0happen.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Acoustic Emissions\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAcoustic emissions are an aspect of vibration analysis, but at a higher frequency than those detected during a typical vibrational analysis. Monitoring these high frequency signals allows for the detection of cracking or impact.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Infrared Thermography\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is a process that uses a thermal imager to detect radiation that is emitted from an object. The radiation is then converted to a temperature, and the temperature distribution is displayed on an image. The process is used to monitor electrical and mechanical conditions of motors, bearings, refractory insulation and the locating of gas, liquids, and sludge levels. Abnormal heat patterns found within a machine could indicate an inefficiency or a defect.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Ultrasound Testing\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis process is useful for high pressure fluid situations and both low and high-speed mechanical applications. The shock pulse method is commonly used for condition monitoring. It is a technique that uses signals emitted from rotating bearings as the baseline for efficient monitoring of machines.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. Motor Circuit Analysis\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis is a de-energized low voltage test method that assesses the health of the motor and the associated cabling. Performing motor circuit analysis on a set schedule can reduce downtime in your plant and increase the lifespan of your electrical motor.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E6.\u00A0Oil Analysis\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis process involves analysing the health of machinery lubricants, oil contamination and wear. The process also includes moisture analysis, particle counting, elemental analysis, and acid/base numbers, measuring viscosity and using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy to determine other parameters.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Oil analysis\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00227cb19d9b-6a38-4f15-a449-904d056b57fa\u0022 height=\u0022191\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/oil%20analysis_0.jpeg\u0022 width=\u0022339\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the Different Condition Monitoring Types?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 3 different condition monitoring types are:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Offline Condition Monitoring\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis type of monitoring is used on assets that are less critical, and where periodic scanning is sufficient to determine the state of the equipment. Offline conditional monitoring is often implemented using both vibrational and oil analysis.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Online Condition Monitoring\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOnline condition monitoring involves the continuous measurement of an asset by connecting machine-mounted sensors to system software wirelessly. It allows for real-time warnings, obtained from either vibrational analysis, acoustic emissions, ultrasound, or infrared thermography, to be sent out to the respective employees.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3.\u00A0Route-Based Condition Monitoring\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis is a technique that is employed when a technician records data intermittently using a handheld device. It is a method that is used to create a trend pattern and determine if an advanced analysis is required.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EFrom the above, it is clear that implementing a conditional monitoring system in your plant will increase up-time, increase the lifespan of equipment, and result in a reduction in consequential damage. Follow part 2 and 3 in the series to learn more!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsidering the implementation of such a system in your facility, and not quite sure where to start?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Understanding SANS10142 - Alternative Supplies (Part 2)", "nid": "488", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Green Power\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00226ed37f2e-f47e-4317-a186-88c862863c71\u0022 height=\u0022274\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/alternative-energy-sources-featured.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022422\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Understanding-SANS10142---Alternative-Supplies-Part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E of this NEW series, we unpack the requirements and standards of \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003Ealternative power supplies\u003C/a\u003E as per SANS 10142-1:2020.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWe conclude the series by wrapping up these requirements, unpacking overcurrent protection, identification of DC conductors and other additional requirements\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOvercurrent Protection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe overcurrent protection requirements that are needed for an alternative supply are:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EOvercurrent protection and isolation should be located as close as possible to the output terminals of the alternative supply. This is not applicable in situations where the cable connecting the unit to the distribution board is mechanically protected and is regarded to be within the fault-free zone of the distribution board where protection is installed.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe magnetic characteristic of a circuit breaker must be of a low threshold value in view of the high impedance.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EOvercurrent protection is also needed for the protection of the conductors.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf an alternate supply system is required to operate in parallel with main supply or where two or more alternate supplies may operate in parallel, then the circulating harmonic effects should be limited to not exceed the thermal rating of the conductor. Circulating harmonic currents can be limited by:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe selection of an alternate supply system with compensated windings.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe provision of suitable impedance in the connection to alternate supply system generator star position.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe provision of switches which interrupt the circulatory circuit but are always interlocked so that protection is not impaired.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe provision of filtering equipment\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAny other suitable means.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow are DC Conductors Identified?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe positive and negative conductors of a DC circuit are colour coded as red and black or blue, respectively.\u00A0 Conductors can also be colour coded at the end of the conductor by a durable colour marking such as insulating sleeves.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf symbols are used to identify conductors, then:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe polarity of a positive conductor is identified by a \u201C\u002B\u201D symbol located at either ends of the conductor by printed adhesive tapes or cable markers.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe polarity of a negative conductor is identified by a \u201C-\u201D symbol located at either ends of the conductor by printed adhesive tapes or cable markers.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInstallations may also contain both AC and DC circuits and if these conductors are colour coded then it is required that the DC conductors have symbols added at both ends of the conductor to distinguish them from the AC conductors.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the Requirements for a System where an Alternate supply is used as a switched alternative to the main supply?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPrecautions are required to be taken so that the alternate supply does not operate in parallel with the main supply. The following are suitable precautions that can be made:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAn electrical, mechanical, or electromechanical interlock between the operating mechanisms or control circuits of the changeover switching devices could be installed.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EA system of locks with a single transferable key can be implemented.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EA three-position break-before-make changeover switch.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAn automatic changeover switching device with suitable interlock.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAn inverter if it complies with IEC 62116 standards.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is also required that the control panel can be either set mounted or be a free-standing cabinet but in both cases the cabinet will be considered a control assembly.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the Additional Requirements for Photovoltaic (PV) or similar installation that are used as an alternative supply to the main supply?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe following are the necessary requirements for PV or other similar systems that are used as an alternative supply to the main supply:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe PV installation should comply with SANS 60364-7-712.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPolycrystalline and monocrystalline solar panels must comply with SANS 61215 whilst thin film solar panels shall comply with SANS 61646.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe rated voltage for each circuit must be indicated at all ends of the circuit. It is required that every circuit be easily reliable in the case of combined circuits. If single core conductors are used, then the conductors for each circuit must be tied together at intervals to ensure identification, unless another arrangement is used.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESwitch-disconnection arrangements are required for installations that consist of an inverter, battery arrangement and PV panels.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe DC component of the installation for PV installations will be investigated further in an upcoming series.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeed a solution for an alternative power supply?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" } ]