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[ { "title": "READ | Are you ready for Industry 4.0?", "nid": "472", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EStep into the future with the arrival of The Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0. Large-scale machine-to-machine communication and the Internet of Things (IoT) are being integrated for increased automation, improved communication, and self-monitoring. Is your facility ready for the automation of traditional manufacturing and industrial practices, using modern smart technology?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWelcome to Industry 4.0\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe fourth industrial revolution, which came into existence in the past few years, is established as Industry 4.0. More flexible production, greater productivity, and the development of new business models are all possible today thanks to digital solutions. But the future of industry offers even more potential\u2026 Cutting-edge technologies will create new opportunities for both discrete and process industries to fulfil their customers\u2019 specific and individual requirements. \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ELet\u2019s take a closer look at what characterises Industry 4.0\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EDesign principles\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThere are four design principles that are associated with Industry 4.0:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Technical assistance\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe technological facility of systems to assist humans in decision-making and problem-solving, and the ability to help humans with difficult or unsafe tasks.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Decentralized decisions \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETis refers to the ability of cyber physical systems to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks autonomously. Only in the case of exceptions, interference, or conflicting goals, are tasks delegated to a higher level. \u00A0\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Interconnection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect and communicate with each other via the \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=READ--The-IoT-Story\u0022\u003EInternet of Things (IoT)\u003C/a\u003E,\u003C/strong\u003E or the internet of people (IoP).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Information transparency\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDecision-making is facilitated by the information transparency afforded by Industry 4.0 technology. Furthermore, inter-connectivity provides operators with huge amounts of data and information from all points in the manufacturing process.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is The Digital Twin?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDeveloping a new product, planning a new plant, or producing with the help of digital tools creates a detailed virtual image, the digital twin.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe digital twin is the precise virtual model of a product or a production plant. The digital twin creates new insights, thanks to the combination of physics-based simulations with data analytics in a fully virtual environment. This makes it possible to realize innovations faster, while also requiring significantly fewer real prototypes. Even more data is created when the product is being produced or a plant begins operation. The performance data of the production and real product is being collected, analyzed and fed back into development.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EVertical Integration in Industry 4.0\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EVertical integration adds data analytic capabilities to the shop floor. In other words: operation technology (OT) is now combined with information technology (IT) capabilities. As a result, this provides entirely new findings and optimization potential, ranging from predictive maintenance and condition monitoring to improved validation and quality management processes and entirely new business models, such as pay per use.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe approach also enables the use of artificial intelligence with industrial applications. Vertical integration and its ability to combine OT and IT is thus driving implementation of the Industrial Internet of Things. A prerequisite for vertical integration is ensuring seamless data throughput across all interfaces, from different field devices and systems to higher-level control systems and platforms, and even the cloud.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EIs your facility Industry 4.0-ready?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDigitalization is transforming industry. Greater flexibility, virtual validation, industrial controllers, and edge computing are some of the hot topics and trends that will likely dominate Industry 4.0 going forward.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/topic-areas/digital-enterprise.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHERE\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to learn more about the future of industry and the Digital Enterprise.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Smart Automation Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us about aligning\u00A0your facility to Industry 4.0!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Smart Automation Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Industry 4.0\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002287d66e88-b58b-46d7-9efe-f85e5c1ea904\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Mathworks_Promo_Industry_4.0___938674002.5e0630a8da255.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "READ | The Importance of Measuring Solar Radiation", "nid": "471", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf you\u2019re considering a solar installation for your home or facility, you may want to consider learning about measuring solar radiation. Why is this important? Because the design of your solar system (type and quantity of PV panels, etc.) is affected by the amount of sunlight present in the location of your installation at a given time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this article, we take a look at solar radiation, global solar radiation and the methods to measure solar radiation.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is solar radiation?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESolar radiation is often defined as the energy reaching the earth from the sun. A large part of this is visible sunlight, but the solar spectrum extends into the UV as well as the near infra-red.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESolar radiation reaches us in different ways: directly from the sun (direct solar radiation), through scattering through the atmosphere (diffuse solar radiation) or via reflections. These quantities can be measured separately, but most of the times people are interested in the total radiation on the surface: the global horizontal irradiance.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is global solar radiation?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOur sun outputs radiation over wavelengths from 0.15 to 4.0 \u00B5m, which is called the solar spectrum. The measurement of the sun\u2019s radiation on the earth is referred to as global solar radiation. Sometimes called short-wave radiation, global solar radiation is both the direct and diffuse solar radiation received from the hemisphere.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhile solar radiation is the amount of radiant energy emitted by the sun, solar irradiation refers to the amount of solar radiation received from the sun per unit area which is expressed in kW/m\u00B2. The below image depicts the solar irradiance map of South Africa.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Solar map\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022faf2e19c-b22d-4f5f-88c4-62ac60413a73\u0022 height=\u0022551\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/South-Africa_PVOUT_mid-size-map_156x161mm-300dpi_v20170925_0.png\u0022 width=\u0022532\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the methods to measure solar radiation? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe two common methods which characterise solar radiation are the solar radiance (or radiation) and solar insolation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Solar Radiance\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe solar radiance is an instantaneous power density in units of kW/m2. The solar radiance varies throughout the day from 0 kW/m2 at night to a maximum of about 1 kW/m2. The solar radiance is strongly dependant on location and local weather. Solar radiance measurements consist of global and/or direct radiation measurements taken periodically throughout the day. The measurements are taken using either a pyranometer (measuring global radiation) and/or a pyrheliometer (measuring direct radiation). In well-established locations, this data has been collected for more than twenty years.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Solar insolation \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhile solar irradiance is most commonly measured, a more common form of radiation data used in system design is the solar insolation. The solar insolation is the total amount of solar energy received at a particular location during a specified time period, often in units of kWh/(m2 day). While the units of solar insolation and solar irradiance are both a power density (for solar insolation the \u0022hours\u0022 in the numerator are a time measurement as is the \u0022day\u0022 in the denominator), solar insolation is quite different than the solar irradiance as the solar insolation is the instantaneous solar irradiance averaged over a given time period. Solar insolation data is commonly used for simple PV system design while solar radiance is used in more complicated PV system performance which calculates the system performance at each point in the day. Solar insolation can also be expressed in units of MJ/ m\u00B2 per year.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EConsider solar radiation when designing your system\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn PV system design it is essential to know the amount of sunlight available at a particular location at a given time. Ensure that the solar service provider you engage with is able to provide you with a system design that takes solar radiation into account\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWe\u0027re launching the second volume of our much-anticipated Solar \u0026amp; Back-Up Power catalogue next month. Be among the first to receive it, straight to your inbox. Click here to \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Catalogue\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EREGISTER\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0your interest now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" }, { "title": "PRODUCT NEWS | Brady i5300 Printer", "nid": "534", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Brady i5300\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022f7519029-5192-459d-9b56-2f94b0e7fe00\u0022 height=\u0022409\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/BradyPrinter_i5300_print_sleeves.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022614\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESet up, switch out and print faster than you ever imagined with the \u003Cstrong\u003EBradyPrinter i5300\u003C/strong\u003E Industrial Label Printer, \u003Cstrong\u003ENEW\u003C/strong\u003E to Brady\u0027s comprehensive range of printing solutions!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENo waste\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nPrints on the very first label to maximise\u00A0material use and cut costs.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFast set-up\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n20-second material changeovers with no calibration, sensor or print setting adjustments.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPrecision printing\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n300 dpi model aligns and prints on labels as small as 5.08mm. 600 dpi model available soon!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESaves time\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nPrints fast, and pauses, resumes and stores jobs in a write-protected list.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPrints thousands of label types\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nOptions for both stock and custom parts.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResources\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n1. \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/magnet-brady-i5300-infosheet.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDOWNLOAD\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E the infosheet\u003Cbr /\u003E\n2. \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgc4zvJu5Y0\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWATCH \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003Ethe product overview video\u003Cbr /\u003E\n3. \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us for a Brady solution for your facility\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022logo brady\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022fad4b66a-2e23-410a-985c-fe9bbf3660c2\u0022 height=\u0022128\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/brady.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022436\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Aug 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Products, Brady" }, { "title": "LEARN | New Series on Vibration Monitoring - Part 2", "nid": "469", "body": "\u003Cp\u003EWhen vibration increases beyond normal levels, it may be a sign of alignment issues or source of trouble. In order to avoid costly downtime, you will need fast and actionable answers. In this article, we outline when and how to use \u0026amp; set-up vibration monitoring on assets.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMissed out on the first article in the series? Click below to catch up now:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPart One \u2013 Understanding vibration: Causes and effects\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhy choose vibration monitoring? \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe need for actionable data in plants and other facilities is typically unquestioned by most reliability and maintenance teams. Where people typically diverge is in a few areas:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EWhen to measure/gather data\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EHow frequently to measure\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ETechnologies to add to assets\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Fluke Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022P-F Curve\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022b8fe8265-8145-4c5b-8da1-d3a77cae663d\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Fluke-PF-Curve-1.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe P-F curve above shows the time interval between potential failures on the upper left until machine failure occurs on the lower right. Most assets follow a curve in their lifecycle, from good to progressively worse, until they completely fail.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMany reliability industry leaders feel using this P-F interval is important because:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E1. Long before an asset fails, it usually begins to consume more energy and lose overall performance.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n2. The earlier a problem can be detected and corrected, the less it costs to repair (an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECertain technologies have the ability to detect emerging failures long before the asset fails. These are often called \u201Cpredictive technologies,\u201D and are typically part of condition monitoring programs. This is a theoretical framework that may vary from asset to asset, and the point is not to say that personnel should repair a machine at the earliest sign of failure because it may be too early. These early indicators simply signal that additional maintenance actions, such as lubricating the bearings or beginning to plan and schedule maintenance, may help avoid unexpected failures and downtime. \u003Cstrong\u003EThese technologies include:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EOil analysis\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EUltrasound\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EVibration\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMotor circuit testing\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThermography\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEach technology may be used in combination or individually.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhen should vibration screening be used?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEvery machine component produces a unique vibration signal. Signals displayed in the spectrum often form characteristic patterns. Pattern recognition is a key part of vibration analysis, but significant training and experience are necessary to recognize and read the patterns. Vibration analysis can watch bearing wear across 12 to 18 months as they go from slight wear (no action) to extreme wear (replace bearings immediately). Oil analysis can only be performed on oil-cooled bearings (fewer and fewer are used every day). Ultrasound finds bearing wear too early to replace the bearings (use to know when to grease the bearings instead).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETable 1 below is a simplified overview of the patterns used to recognize the four most common machine faults, particularly in rotating assets.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Fluke Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Machine faults\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00228e16b95a-99c9-4d20-a733-806ce2aeb518\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Table%20for%20machine%20faults.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration screening can identify abnormalities caused by most of these faults as they begin \u2014 in the early stages, providing precipitous warning of impending failure. The severity of the four common faults can be tracked over time based on the history from hundreds of thousands of machines that have been analyzed by many vibration experts over 30 years. This knowledge and experience have been incorporated into rule-based algorithms and a baseline database that have been proven to be effective on standard rotating machines \u2014 motors, pumps, fans, compressors, blowers and single-shaft spindles.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHandheld vibration meters can be used for route-based, preventive strategies. A more flexible method is screening with continuous remote, wireless sensors.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBenefits of Vibration Monitoring and Analysis\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/vibration/understanding-the-benefits-of-vibration-monitoring-and-analysis\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHERE\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to learn about the benefits of monitoring and analyzing vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERegardless of the method used, vibration technology can provide reliability and maintenance teams with actionable data that can help determine when further analysis is required to decide when steps such as re-lubrication, repairs or replacements should be made.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECatch vibration issues early with vibration data that identifies imbalance, looseness, misalignment, and bearing failures. Do you need advice on what vibration tools and software is best suited for your specific requirement? \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Fluke Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to our experts now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ESource:\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/condition-monitoring/when-and-how-to-use-and-set-up-vibration-monitoring-on-assets\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/condition-monitoring/when-and-how-to-use-and-set-up-vibration-monitoring-on-assets\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education, Fluke, General" }, { "title": "LEARN | New Series on Vibration Monitoring - Part 1", "nid": "468", "body": "\u003Cp\u003EMonitoring machines for vibration can save you time and money. A machine going offline can impact quality and production. Monitoring machines for vibration issues identifies trends and helps reduce the potential for the machine going offline.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the first article of this NEW series, we will outline what vibration is, common causes of vibration and the effects of vibration. Watch this space to catch the full series!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is Vibration? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration is simply a back and forth movement\u2014or oscillation\u2014of machines and components in motorized equipment. Vibration in industrial equipment can be a symptom, or cause, of a problem, or it can be associated with normal operation. For example, oscillating sanders and vibratory tumblers rely on vibration to function. Internal combustion engines and gear drives, on the other hand, experience a certain amount of unavoidable vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the most common causes of vibration? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration can indicate a problem and if left unchecked can cause damage or expedited deterioration. Vibration can be caused by one or more factors at any given time, the most common being imbalance, misalignment, wear and looseness.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Imbalance\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA \u0022heavy spot\u0022 in a rotating component will cause vibration when the unbalanced weight rotates around the machine\u0027s axis, creating a centrifugal force. As machine speed increases the effects of imbalance become greater. Imbalance can severely reduce bearing life as well as cause undue machine vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Misalignment\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration can result when machine shafts are out of line. Angular misalignment occurs when the axes of (for example) a motor and pump are not parallel. Misalignment can be caused during assembly or develop over time, due to thermal expansion, components shifting or improper reassembly after maintenance. The resulting vibration can be radial or axial (in line with the axis of the machine) or both.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Wear\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs components such as ball or roller bearings, drive belts or gears become worn, they might cause vibration. When a roller bearing race becomes pitted, for instance, the bearing rollers will cause a vibration each time they travel over the damaged area. A gear tooth that is heavily chipped or worn, or a drive belt that is breaking down, can also produce vibration.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Looseness\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration that might otherwise go unnoticed can become obvious and destructive if the component that is vibrating has loose bearings or is loosely attached to its mounts. Such looseness might or might not be caused by the underlying vibration. Whatever its cause, looseness can allow any vibration present to cause damage, such as further bearing wear, wear and fatigue in equipment mounts and other components.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the effects of vibration?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVibration can accelerate machine wear, consume excess power, and cause equipment to be taken out of service, resulting in unplanned downtime. Other effects of vibration include safety issues and diminished working conditions. When measured and analyzed properly, however, vibration can play an important role in preventive maintenance programs. It can serve as an indicator of machine condition and allow plant maintenance professionals to act before damage or disaster strike.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConsider these variables when analyzing vibration:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EDirection, such as radial or axial\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EAmplitude, severity\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFrequency, expressed in cycles per minute (CPM) or Hertz (Hz)\u2014one Hz equals one second, or 60 CPM\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlant maintenance technicians need to be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal vibration. A good understanding of vibration basics and the right tool is all a plant maintenance technician needs to quickly and reliably get to the bottom of vibration-related issues, including finding the root cause and severity, then determining the need for service or repair.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAre you looking for solution to mitigate the effects of vibration? \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Fluke Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to our experts about the Fluke range of vibration testers and software!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Fluke Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Vibration\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a686c6fe-bc5a-4eff-aad1-e9baf9706302\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Fluke%20Vibration.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ESource:\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/vibration/most-common-causes-of-machine-vibration\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/vibration/most-common-causes-of-machine-vibration\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" } ]