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[ { "title": "PRODUCT NEWS | Eaton\u0026#039;s C441 Motor Insight Relays", "nid": "487", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Eaton Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022eaton c441 Motor Insight\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002299adf956-8549-4e04-ae59-3c0b8177a36e\u0022 height=\u0022291\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/C441%20motor%20Insight%20motor%20protection%20relays%20500x500.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022291\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETake control of your process with Eaton\u2019s C441 Motor Insight motor protection relays\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMagnet\u2019s extensive range of Eaton \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003Eproducts and solutions\u003C/a\u003E includes the C441 Motor Insight overload relays. This advanced low-voltage motor protection relay, with embedded intelligence, helps you\u00A0save energy, optimize maintenance schedules and configure greater system protection - reducing overall costs and downtime.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECore features of C441 Motor Insights protection relays include:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EThe ability to calculate power enables you to not only monitor motor performance, but also load performance and energy consumption. It is the perfect relay for system critical loads, pump loads and energy-conscious customers.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EFLA range of 1\u2013540 A with two-part numbers; selectable trip class (5\u201330)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EPower source options:\u202FLine powered at 170\u2013264 Vac, 323\u2013528 Vac, 489\u2013660 Vac; separate source single-phase control power at 93.5\u2013132 Vac\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMotor protection:\u202Fthermal overload; jam/stall protection; current level alarming; current unbalance; current phase-loss; residual ground fault; phase-reversal; overvoltage; under-voltage; voltage imbalance\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ELoad (pump) protection:\u202FUndercurrent, low power, high power\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EMonitoring capabilities:\u202FCurrent-average and phase rms; voltage-average and phase rms; power-motor kW; power factor; frequency; thermal capacity; run hours; starts; ground fault current; current unbalance percentage; voltage unbalance percentage; time to restart\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ECommunications:\u202FModbus, DeviceNet, PROFIBUS, Ethernet/IP (consult factory), Modbus TCP (consult factory)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdvanced features:\u202F\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EProgrammable reset/backspin timers;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eprogrammable acceleration start cycle;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eprogrammable fault vs. alarm prioritization;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eindividual trip delays;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Elockable user interface;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Escaled current readings;\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003E10-fault queue diagnostics with full word explanation\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETake control of your process:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EC441 Motor Insight gives you the ability to better understand the dynamics of your system by providing the information you need to keep your motors running at their highest possible potential.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is important to keep your systems running at peak performance, while maintaining the integrity of your application - that is exactly what C441 Motor Insight is designed to do!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWe are a \u003Cstrong\u003EPremium Distributor of Eaton products in South Africa \u003C/strong\u003Eand boast\u00A0in-depth product knowledge and technical expertise.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResources:\u00A0\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpoaZNTn9m8\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EW\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpoaZNTn9m8\u0022\u003EATCH\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0\u003C/b\u003Ea quick video on\u00A0Eaton\u2019s C441 Motor Insight Solid State Protection Relays \u2013 Eaton\u2019s offering within the C400 series of advanced motor protection \u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/magnet-eatons-c441-motor-insight-power-control-solution.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDOWNLOAD\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0the\u00A0brochure to learn more.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Eaton Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us for advice on this product and more from Eaton\u0027s extensive range.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Products, Eaton" }, { "title": "LEARN | Understanding SANS10142 - Alternative Supplies (Part 1)", "nid": "486", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Alternative Power Supplies\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00224d3167e5-a307-45db-b141-684c7fb8477c\u0022 height=\u0022327\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Solar-5.jpeg\u0022 width=\u0022653\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EBy now you would already be aware that the SANS 10142 document was updated in 2020. However, are you aware of the addition of an \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003Ealternative supplies\u003C/a\u003E section for systems such as photovoltaic (PV) installations or gas generators? These are systems that one may use, at either their place of residence or business, to save on energy costs or in the event of a power-loss.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 1 of this NEW series, we unpack the requirements and standards of alternative power supplies as per SANS 10142-1:2020.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAlternative supplies include, but are not limited to, low-voltage generating sets, photovoltaic installations, gas generators, diesel generators, wind turbines or a hydropower plant. We start by taking a closer look at the specific criteria for these systems\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERequirements for an Alternative Supply System\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt is a requirement that for any form of alternative supply that is connected to an electrical installation, that a notice be displayed at the main switch of the installation. It is also required that:\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col style=\u0022list-style-type:lower-alpha;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESupplies power to certain circuits in a distribution board should have a power-on indicator installed on each distribution board, along with a notice that states the standby power main switch shall be switched off in the case of an emergency.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA notice should be displayed on each distribution board stating the alternative power supply is powering that part of the installation.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00222\u0022\u003EBoth the short circuit current and the earth fault current should be assessed for each source of supply, or a combination of the sources. These sources can operate independently of other sources or combinations. The short circuit rating for protective devices should not be exceeded for any method of operation.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00223\u0022\u003EIf the alternative supply is used to provide power to a system that is not connected to the main supply, then the capacity and the operating characteristics of the alternative supply should not cause any danger or damage to the equipment because of the connection or disconnection of any load. Disconnection of the installation must occur automatically if the capacity of the alternative supply is exceeded.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00224\u0022\u003EA change-over switching device is required if the alternative supply of an installation is a switched alternative to the main supply. The changeover switch must disconnect the main supply before switching on the alternative supply. Moreover, the switch must be interlocked in such a way that the main supply and the alternative supply cannot be connected to the installation, or any part of it, at the same time.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00225\u0022\u003EA socket outlet that is installed in a circuit on standby power must be protected by an earth leakage protection device with a rated earth leakage tripping current not exceeding 30 mA. This is applicable to all installations except where otherwise permitted in SANS 10142.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00226\u0022\u003EA 230V generator that has a V-O-V (centre tap on winding which is earthed) earth connection must not be connected to the fixed electrical installation. This generator can be used as a free-standing unit, but used to provide power to specific appliances.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00227\u0022\u003EAs an inverter is a device that is required to be fastened or otherwise secured to a fixed location, and would require the use of tools to be moved to another location, it is considered as a fixed appliance. This will require the device to be installed according to the guidelines set by Section 6.16: Fixed Appliances of SANS 10142-1:2020.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEarthing Requirements and Earth Leakage Protection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E - Neutral Bar Earthing\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe protection should be provided for an electrical installation in such a way that it ensures the correct operation of the protective devices, irrespective of the power source. These protection devices should not rely on the earth point of the main supply if the generator is switched on.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn earth electrode should be installed according to SANS 10199, if there is no existing earth electrode. The earth electrode should be bonded to the consumer\u2019s earth terminal, as well as to the earthing point of the alternate supply by a conductor of at least half the cross-section of that phase conductor, but not less than 6mm\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C/sup\u003E. It should also be noted that an earth electrode is normally not required for an electrical installation in a TN system, and that protection of photovoltaics can be done by means of surge protective devices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA system that consists of supplies from a combination of transformers and alternative supplies that are located near each other must have the neutral points of the items connected to a single earthed neutral bar. This earthed neutral bar must be the only point in the installation where the neutral is earthed. Earth leakage devices that are part of the installation should be positioned in such a way so that incorrect operation is avoided due to the existence of any parallel neutral/earth path.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdditional requirements\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe following are additional requirements for installations that incorporate electrical supply derived from static inverters used with uninterruptible power supply (UPS) equipment, and both off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic installations:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe output of the unit should have an overcurrent protection device installed which is designed to disconnect the output of the unit in the case of overcurrent or earth faults that may occur. The impedance of the earth loop as well as the internal impedance of the unit must be in accordance with section 8.6.5 of SANS 10142.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00222\u0022\u003EAn earth leakage protection device for the alternative supply is needed for that part of the installation if a common neutral and bypass switch is used.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 2 of the series, we continue to unpack the requirements as laid out in SANS10142.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EStay tuned to learn more about overcurrent protection, identification of DC conductors and the additional requirements PV installations.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ENeed a solution for an alternative power supply?\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" }, { "title": "NEW | Understanding Partial Discharge", "nid": "434", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022PD\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a5dbb050-a835-4e7f-a0b3-e51c3c25fbf4\u0022 height=\u0022326\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/PD.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022595\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat is Partial Discharge (PD)?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA partial discharge is an electrical discharge or spark that bridges a small portion of the high voltage insulation between two conducting electrodes or a conducting electrode and earth. Partial discharge can occur at any point in the insulation system, where the electric field strength exceeds the breakdown strength of the insulating material.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPartial discharge can occur in voids within solid insulation, across the surface of insulating material due to contaminants or irregularities, within gas bubbles in liquid insulation or around an electrode in gas (corona activity).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Partial Discharge evidence\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00228770f560-25c6-467e-a070-9933cc0cb4f8\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/What%20is%20pd%202.png\u0022 /\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVisible evidence of PD\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat causes PD?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are many causes of breakdown in insulation which lead to PD activity, including design and manufacturing defects, incorrect installation of components, faulty materials, mechanical damage and even vandalism. Even well designed and installed assets start to exhibit PD activity as they deteriorate with age and usage.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEnvironmental factors also play a role in the development of PD activity, including temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, vibration and other mechanical stresses.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPD failure process\u2026\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce present, partial discharge ALWAYS tends to increase: but the way in which it increases is both measurable and predictable.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPD activity provides clear evidence that an asset is deteriorating in a way that is likely to lead to failure.\u00A0 The process of deterioration can propagate and develop, until the insulation is unable to withstand the electrical stress, leading to flashover.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ultimate failure of HV/MV assets is often sudden and catastrophic. The best case scenario is that growing PD activity causes protection systems to trip out unexpectedly, resulting in outages. The worst case scenario is an explosive release of energy, causing major damage, injury and death.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Failure caused by PD\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00222b7f6c3b-300d-41ab-a627-a376d42c7265\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Failure.png\u0022 /\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECatastrophic failure caused by PD activity\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPartial Discharge Measurement\u2026\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJust like people, electrical assets age and deteriorate. And as with human medicine, there have been tremendous advances in recent years in the ability to diagnose the ailments suffered by assets in their early stages, enabling us to keep them healthy and productive for longer.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe revolution in asset management is being driven by two factors which are inextricably linked: new techniques for accurately measuring the condition of live assets, plus new methodologies for managing assets more effectively, based on their actual condition.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are many techniques available for assessing the condition of live assets, including oil sampling and analysis, plus thermal imaging. But the most useful is the detection, location and measurement of Partial Discharge (PD) activity in HV and MV assets, which are typically found in substations.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPartial discharges emit energy, the effects of which can be detected, located, measured and monitored:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0 Electromagnetic emissions, in the form of radio waves, light and heat.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0 Acoustic emissions, in the audible and ultrasonic ranges.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2022\u00A0\u00A0\u00A0 Ozone and nitrous oxide gases.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022PD activity\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002261a7ff8c-f645-4273-b071-683caa423f73\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/PD%20activity.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPD activity across insulator voids in Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe most effective techniques for detecting and measuring PD activity in live assets are based on quantifying:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Transient Earth Voltages (TEVs)\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe importance of TEV effects (discharges of radio energy associated with PD activity) was first identified by EA Technology researchers in the 1970s. Measuring TEV emissions is the most effective way to assess internal PD activity in metalclad MV switchgear.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Ultrasonic Emissions\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPD activity creates emissions in both the audible and ultrasonic ranges. The latter is by far the most valuable for early detection and measurement. Measuring airborne ultrasonic emissions is the most effective way to assess surface PD activity, where there is an air passage e.g. vents or door in the casing of an asset.\u00A0 Where chambers are completely sealed, ultrasonic contact probes can be used although these are less sensitive than the airborne microphones.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. UHF emissions\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPD activity can also be measured in the UHF range, and is particularly useful in monitoring EHV assets.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps surprisingly, however, detailed PD measurement as the basis of condition-based asset management is still in its infancy in many parts of the developed world, including the USA. Many operators still have no clear information on the condition of their assets until they fail and need replacing.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIn conclusion\u2026\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to assess the condition of MV and HV assets by measuring PD activity is increasingly driving a step change in power asset management. At its simplest level, it enables operators to identify and fix faults before they develop into failures. Used to its full extent, it is one of the technologies behind much more effective management of whole networks, based on a fuller understanding of asset condition. The result: greater network efficiency, availability, reliability and safety, with lower capital and revenue costs.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-right\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBy Neil Davies, EA Technology International\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-right\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EClick here to \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--The-Value-of-Partial-Discharge-Data\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELEARN\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E about the Value of PD data.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ENeed a PD detection and measurement solution for your facility? Click here to \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Oct 2020", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "Read | Understanding Carbon Tax - part 2", "nid": "484", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022emissions\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002242e16af0-03ab-44ef-921c-8694fc17314e\u0022 height=\u0022358\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/bloom-carbon-sasol-1-1-1600x800.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022716\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter almost a decade in the works, South Africa\u2019s carbon tax was finally signed into law in 2019. In a bid to mitigate the impacts of climate change, government now taxes greenhouse gas emissions. This tax applies to anyone with emissions, including municipalities.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=Read--Understanding-Carbon-Tax---part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E of the series, we introduced you to the Carbon Tax Act. We gave a basic introduction to greenhouse gases and how the Carbon Tax works. We ended off with an explanation as to how the revenue service measures the amount of emissions produced by your plant.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 2, we give an overview of how the carbon tax is calculated. We then move on to explaining how you can reduce the carbon footprint of your plant.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow is the Carbon Tax Liability Calculated?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA factory\u2019s total greenhouse gas emission is obtained by multiplying both the quantity of each greenhouse gas produced (kg/year) and the global warming potential figure. These six numbers, for each greenhouse gas, are then summed and referred to as the carbon dioxide equivalent emission.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EInitially, the carbon tax rate was implemented at R120 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions.\u00A0 The rate will increase annually by inflation plus a further 2% until 2022, and thereafter annually by inflation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESARS has also allowed specific industries to have a nett carbon tax rate ranging from R6 to R48 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. This is implemented to provide current emitters time to transition their operation to cleaner technologies through investments in energy efficiency, renewables, and other low-carbon measures.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETaxpayers can also use tax-free allowances to reduce their tax obligation. These allowances are then given as rebates or refunds when verified.\u00A0 The following allowances have been permitted:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAllowance for fossil fuel combustion \u2013 60%\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ECarbon budget allowance \u2013 5%\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETrade exposure allowance \u2013 10%\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPerformance allowance \u2013 5%\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAllowance for industrial process emissions\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOffset allowance \u2013 5%\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAllowance in respect of fugitive emissions\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEnsure that you are compliant\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPersons that conduct activities that are above the threshold must license each of their emission generation facilities with SARS as customs and excise manufacturing warehouses for environmental levy purposes.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReducing Carbon Emissions\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EYour plant can reduce its carbon footprint by implementing the following procedures:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMonitor energy usage\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tImplementing smart meters to indicate which part of your business uses the most amount of energy will help you manage your usage more accurately\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReduce energy usage\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tOnce you have identified the part of your plant that is wasting energy, it is possible to tighten up and become more efficient. Small changes such as switching off machines that are on standby and switching lights and computers off can contribute to a reduction in energy usage.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EImprove the energy efficiency in your plant\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tConsider making a few of these changes:\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t-\u00A0Change the light bulbs of your plant to LED\u2019s\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t-\u00A0Switch off artificial light where possible and use natural light\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t-\u00A0Optimize air compressors\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t-\u00A0Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t-\u00A0Control the heating and cooling of the building\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00224\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERecycle\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tEnsure your plant has a good recycling system in place. It is essential to first attempt to minimise waste but if it\u2019s not possible, it is best to recycle or reuse.\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\t\u00A0\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 value=\u00225\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESwitch to green energy\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\tUsing \u2018green\u2019 energy, such as solar power, will assist in reducing the carbon footprint of your factory.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Solar\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a5ab3bee-1295-4c2e-84ad-7c1a08fbd49c\u0022 height=\u0022309\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/solar%20energy.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022927\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you would like to reduce the carbon footprint in your plant as well as help create a better and cleaner environment for your employees, \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to our experts now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" }, { "title": "Read | Understanding Carbon Tax - part 1", "nid": "483", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022carbon tax\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022c99034c9-6f0e-49df-8a66-2a4ebc251005\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/CO2%20image.png\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EDo you know about the Carbon Tax Act that was implemented in 2019? Are you aware that your plant may be liable to pay for greenhouse gases it releases throughout the year?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ENo? Then this two-part series of articles is for you!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 1, we take a look at the Carbon Tax Act that was implemented on the 1\u003Csup\u003Est\u003C/sup\u003E of June 2019. We start with a basic introduction to greenhouse gases and what causes them. We then move on to how the Carbon Tax works, and how the revenue service measures the amount of emissions produced by your plant. \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 2, we will give an overview of how the carbon tax is calculated and then shed some light on how you can reduce the carbon footprint of your plant.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESouth Africa is the 14\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C/sup\u003E largest greenhouse gas emitter in the world.\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EGiven the global attention paid to Climate Change of late, it has become increasingly vital for our country to reduce emissions. Therefore, carbon tax was implemented with the intention to encourage cleaner practices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat Causes Greenhouse Gases?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EFuel combustion is one of the most common activities that result in the emission of greenhouse gases. For example, companies that use boilers in their plant fall under the fuel combustion category. These companies will have to comply with the Carbon Tax act.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EGreenhouse gases are also emitted from other processes apart from fuel combustion. Moreover, certain activities also inadvertently release greenhouse gases as fugitive emissions.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Carbon Tax Act lists a range of industrial activities that release greenhouse gases. These activities are then further classified as causing either combustion process or fugitive emissions.\u00A0 The carbon tax obligation of the taxpayer is equivalent to the sum of the taxpayer\u2019s combustion process and the fugitive emissions released.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhich Pollutants are referred to as Greenhouse Gases?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe carbon tax act lists six greenhouse gasses that are emitted from industrial activities. These pollutants are\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ECarbon Dioxide (CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E),\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMethane (CH\u003Csub\u003E4\u003C/sub\u003E),\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ENitrous Oxide (N\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003EO),\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EHydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPerfluorocarbons (PFCs) \u00A0and\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow does Carbon Tax Work?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe treasury has implemented a 10 MW installed thermal input capacity threshold for combustion activities that result in emissions. This indicates that, regardless of utilisation or the fuel type, if your plant has the capacity to combust a minimum of 10MW (thermal), then your emissions will be subjected to carbon tax. It is required that the input capacity consist of the sum of all input capacities across all your facilities.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA lot of processes and fugitive emissions have no threshold which will result in you being taxed regardless how small your operation is. Activities such as domestic aviation and CO\u003Csub\u003E2 \u003C/sub\u003Etransport have unique thresholds, whilst certain activities such as stationary air conditioning, are not subjected to tax at all.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the Scopes of Emissions?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EScope 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nAll Direct Emissions from the activities of an organisation or under their control. Including fuel combustion on site such as gas boilers, fleet vehicles and air-conditioning leaks.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOnly Scope 1 emissions are taxable.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EScope 2 \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nIndirect Emissions from electricity purchased and used by the organisation. Emissions are created during the production of the energy and eventually used by the organisation.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EScope 3 \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nAll Other Indirect Emissions from activities of the organisation, occurring from sources that they do not own or control. These are usually the greatest share of the carbon footprint, covering emissions associated with business travel, procurement, waste and water.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EScope 2 and 3 emissions are indirect, and thus the consequence is tariff increases.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Scopes\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002253ae27a2-54c6-4d1b-bfc3-e0cac5d29bc8\u0022 height=\u0022279\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/scopes-1-2-3-definition-2.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022625\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow are emissions measured?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe activities in your plant will be subjected to a carbon tax if the combined capacity of your plant is over the threshold limit. The amount of tax that is paid depends on the actual emissions of the plant, but it is difficult and expensive to accurately measure.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEmitters in the country will have the option of using \u2018emission factors\u2019 that have been established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. These factors are used to give an estimation of greenhouse gases that are emitted, depending on the amount of fuel burned or the amount of product produced. \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe emission factors for greenhouse gases are depicted in the table below:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Ctable border=\u00221\u0022 cellpadding=\u00220\u0022 cellspacing=\u00220\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGreenhouse Gas\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGlobal Warming Potential\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003ECarbon Dioxide (CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E1\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003EMethane (CH\u003Csub\u003E4\u003C/sub\u003E)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E23\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003ENitrous Oxide (N\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003EO)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E296\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003EHexafluoroethane (C\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003EF\u003Csub\u003E6\u003C/sub\u003E)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E11 900\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003ECarbon Tetrafluoride (CF\u003Csub\u003E4\u003C/sub\u003E)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E5700\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003ESulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\u0022width:301px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-center\u0022\u003E22 200\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\n\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0As time progresses, more accurate domestic emission factors will be developed for use in South Africa.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsidering renewable energy?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWe offer specialised solar solutions. \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Solar Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to us for:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EGrid-tied, hybrid and off-grid solar system design and installation\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EBespoke solutions specific to your application and energy goals\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003EGuaranteed system performance\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Solar, Education" } ]