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[ { "title": "LEARN | Solar Funding Models", "nid": "438", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Magnet solar array\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002268fb3aa2-3010-4366-a4b1-8860471cfdc5\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/56%20resized_1.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you\u2019re looking into investing in a \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003Esolar\u003C/a\u003E system, first consider this important question\u2026 How will you fund the installation?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this article, we\u2019re discussing the different financial models to fund solar systems. \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are 3 solar funding models in the market:\u003Cbr /\u003E\n1. Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)\u003Cbr /\u003E\n2. Lease\u003Cbr /\u003E\n3. Outright purchase\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EObviously models do vary, but the fundamentals are generally the same. Familiarise yourself with the pro\u2019s and con\u2019s we\u2019re highlighting in each option, and decide which is the most suitable way forward for your solar investment\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPower Purchase Agreement (PPA)\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIna PPA, the provider is generally a \u201CFinancial Engineer\u201D whom outsources a separate contractor to install and maintain the solar system, at no cost to you. Typically, you will sign a contract of between 12 and 20 years, to take all power produced by the system.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPay particular attention to the fine print. Be sure to establish if power produced and not consumed over the weekends, public holidays and shut-down periods will be billed or discounted. Generally, these contracts are factored on a \u201Ctake or pay\u201D, where you pay for all power produced, irrelevant of your requirement for it.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, be sure that you are as energy efficient as possible, before installing the solar system. For instance, if you change to LED lighting after a system is sized and installed, your electrical load profile will drop and you will be obligated to buy extra power that you are no longer using.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFurthermore, always ensure that you are going to be at the premises for at least the length of the contract. Otherwise, you will need to buy your way out of the contract when you move.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELastly, you can expect a reduction in power cost of 10 -25% of the roughly 30-40% power the PPA provider will be supplying you. The net effect is that you will most likely see a discount of between 3 and 8% off you electricity costs.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELease\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith a lease, the asset is installed by an EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) provider and financed through a separate company.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDid you know that Magnet has its own financing platform? Magnet Capital will provide the finance, whilst Magnet will also install the system. There is no deposit required, no surety required, funding is off the balance sheet, and it can be approved in a matter of weeks. As opposed to the banks, which often take months.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFurthermore, you can either have a zero escalation linked to prime, or have an 8% escalation matching the anticipated increase in energy cost. Cost of power dependent, some sites are cash positive from day one, with zero cash outlay.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter a 4, 5 or 6 year lease, the asset changes hands and all electricity savings are then enjoyed by the end user or land lord.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESite operational hours dependent, once the system has been paid off, electricity bill savings can vary between 20 and 45%.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you have no Capex to allocate, then this is the most beneficial solution to use. Moreover, you won\u2019t be locked into a 15 \u2013 20 year PPA agreement with the risk of having to pay for all power produced and only seeing a 3-8% saving.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELearn more! Click \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/magnet-capital.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehere\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to download the Magnet Capital brochure now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOutright purchase\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you have the capital, or can extend your bond to secure a loan below prime, then this could be the solution with the best financial returns\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen purchasing your own solar system, you simply award a service provider, take out a maintenance plan with them, and then you have a system that reduces your power consumption by up to 45%.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, as the system is in the company\u2019s name, that company is entitled to the SARS 12B depreciation benefit. Essentially this means 28% of the project value is tax deductible in year one. If the system is under a PPA or lease, you don\u2019t get that tax break. However, under a lease, your repayments are tax deductible.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Solar funding models\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022df3fe0a8-3dc4-42ab-8a84-23c2049a8085\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Solar%20funding%20models.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELearn more! Click below\u00A0to read our articles on:\u003Cbr /\u003E\n- \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=SOLAR--Switch-to-Solar-and-take-advantage-of-Tax-Breaks\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESolar Tax Breaks\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n- \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=Grid-Tied-Off-Grid-and-Hybrid-Solar-Systems---what039s-the-difference-\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDifferentiating between the different solar systems\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n- \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=END-OF-SERIES--7-Common-Mistakes-of-Solar-part-5\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E7 Common Solar Mistakes\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIn closing\u2026\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESolar power is definitely a sound investment. When considering which of the financing models is the best fit for you, remember to ask yourself these questions:\u003Cbr /\u003E\n1. Who will own the asset?\u003Cbr /\u003E\n2. Will you pay for power you don\u2019t consume?\u003Cbr /\u003E\n3. Will your Capex budget be positively or negatively affected?\u003Cbr /\u003E\n4. How much energy savings will you see?\u003Cbr /\u003E\n5. Is it important for you to benefit from Solar Tax Breaks?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsidering a solar or back-up power solution for your facility? Click \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehere \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003Eto chat to one of our experts now!\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Oct 2020", "terms": "Solar, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Understanding Transient Surging", "nid": "437", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-electrical/index.php\u0022\u003Eelectrical\u003C/a\u003E event that produces the most significant downtime is the transient. A transient is also known as a spike or surge, although, generally these terms refer loosely to the same event. Transients are high energy (with magnitudes in the thousands of volts) and short duration (with rise times in the 1 to 10 microsecond range). Since they are sub-cycle events, they should not be confused with longer duration events such as swells or temporary over-voltages.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.html?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--An-introduction-to-Power-Quality-part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehere\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to learn more about these and other power quality issues.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETransients disrupt, damage or destroy electrical and electronic equipment in an instant, and/or cause cumulative damage over a period of time, resulting in unexplained failures. In this article, we give you a basic understanding of transients, the damage they can cause and the importance of surge protection devices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETransients defined\u2026\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAccording to the IEEE 100 A-Z guide, a transient is defined \u201Cas a change in the steady-state condition of voltage or current, or both\u201D. According to the IEEE 1100-2005 \u201Ca transient is a sub-cycle disturbance in the arc waveform that is evidenced by a sharp, brief discontinuity of the waveform. May be of either polarity and may be additive to, or subtractive from, the nominal waveform.\u201D\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn both definitions it indicates a change in the fundamental frequency of the sine wave.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Transient\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00226763308f-660b-4fb4-a81a-4b421f794662\u0022 height=\u0022299\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Voltage-transient_0.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022411\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhere do transients originate from? \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESources of transients are categorized as being externally generated or internally generated.\u00A0 Again referring to IEEE C62.72-2007:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u201CSurges that occur in low-voltage AC power systems, and impinge on a PDS from outside a facility, originate primarily from two sources. These sources are lightning and switching:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ea) Lightning surges\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nLightning surges are the result of a direct flash to the power system, to the structure of interest and nearby structures, or to the soil. Distant lightning flashes can also induce voltage surges in the circuits of an installation.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Damaged DB\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002280022ff2-2383-40b1-8f34-0f7b57d5d7fa\u0022 height=\u0022310\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/db%20damage-01.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022394\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe impact of catastrophic lightning events is dramatic. The energy released in a direct or even indirect lightning event is impressive to say the least, with problems ranging from vaporized electrical switch gear to charred remains of what was formerly a lightning arrestor or surge suppressor.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Eb) Switching surges\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nSwitching surges are the result of intentional actions on the power system, such as load or capacitor switching. They can also be the result of unintentional events, such as power system faults and the subsequent corrective actions.\u201D \u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMost surge activity originates from within the typical facility, as much as 80%, depending on the complexity of the operations. These are the surges/transients referred to above as switching surges. These transient events are created by the normal ON/OFF operations of electric loads, and the inductive load \u201Ckick\u201D created by motor stop/start operations. Examples of internally generated sources of transients include:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E- Static electricity\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E- Loose wiring\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E- Inductive load switching\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E- Variable frequency drives\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESurge Protection Devices\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESurge protection devices (SPD) have been utilized for more than three decades. Their prime purpose is to protect and prevent losses to electrical and electronic equipment by removing the excess and unusable energy contained in surge events. Electronic equipment has evolved and so also has the technology of surge protection devices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOver the last 25 years, the evolution of the surge protective device has been impressive. The SPD has evolved from a single component gas discharge tube, spark gap, or other nonlinear resistive type device, to a multi-component hybrid network of a variety of components. The science of surge protection has produced a widely successful range of products that can address every manner of AC and DC power circuits, along with telecommunication, data and telemetry equipment.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho needs Surge Protection? \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EEveryone who uses electricity, telephone lines, or computer data lines needs some type of transient voltage surge protection. Industry, in particular, cannot afford the excessive cost of downtime these days. For them, surge protection devices are no longer an option; they are a necessity.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWant to reduce downtime? Click \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehere\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to chat to our experts!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.html?type=article\u0026amp;name=PRODUCT-NEWS--Reduce-your-facilitys-downtime-with-Sinetamer\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Ehere\u003C/strong\u003E \u003C/a\u003Eto learn about the Sinetamer range of surge protection devices!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.html?type=article\u0026amp;name=PRODUCT-NEWS--Reduce-your-facilitys-downtime-with-Sinetamer\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022sinetamer\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002253e21b7a-7e42-42f0-ace8-76ee7f5ea079\u0022 height=\u0022310\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/SINETAMER-02.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022748\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003ESource: Evolution of SPDs by Jeff Edwards\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECEO and Founder of Energy Control Systems, developers of Sinetamer\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Oct 2020", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | The World of Inverters", "nid": "436", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe inverter is a fundamental part of every \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003Esolar or back-up power\u003C/a\u003E installation. Hence, understanding this piece of equipment is important in ensuring you choose the right inverter for your application. In this article, we\u2019re taking you into the world of inverters - giving you a basic understanding of what inverters are, and describing the different types of inverters.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnderstanding inverters\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EBefore discussing what inverters are, it is important to first understand that there are two types of electricity \u2013 alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAt home, appliances are designed to run off of an AC supply. AC electricity is received from electrical outlets. However, electricity received from solar panels and batteries is DC electricity. In order to power appliances and other electrical equipment from renewable sources or battery banks, an inverter is used to invert DC electricity into AC electricity.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn inverter typically consists of a number of electronic switches known as IGBT\u2019s (insulated-gate bipolar transistors). The opening and closing of these switches is controlled. The IGBT\u2019s can open and close exceptionally fast, and in pairs, to control the flow of electricity. By controlling the path which the electricity takes and how long it flows in the different paths, AC electricity is then produced from the DC source.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Inverters explained\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00228d74575f-eea5-499c-9de8-c73884e41382\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Inverters%20Explained-02.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInverter applications\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETypical applications of solar inverts include:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EUninterruptible power supplies\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAs a building block of a switched mode power supply\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAs standalone inverters\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDifferent types of inverters\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA hybrid solar system stores excess solar energy and can also provide back-up power during load shedding. This is ideal for residential use. For businesses (which primarily operate during daylight hours), a grid-tied solar system is still the most economical choice.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn grid-tied and hybrid solar systems, the panels are connected directly into the inverter. The inverter then plugs into the building\u2019s electrical box or (DB board). Functions typically performed by grid-tied and hybrid inverters include:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMonitoring power usage\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EGrid synchronisation\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EUses an alternative source of power (batteries or solar panels)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESynchronises between power sources (uses another source if one is depleted)\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Pure Sine Wave\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhen purchasing an inverter, you always want the current wave to be as \u201Ctrue\u201D or \u201Cpure\u201D as possible. Pure sine wave inverters can be used on all electronic equipment and typically will not have any side effect. Features of pure sine wave inverters include the fact that they deliver quality power output, they are quieter than modified sine waves, and they are ideal for modern appliances.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA pure sine wave inverter, however, is more expensive than a modified sine wave inverter.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Modified sine wave\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EModified sine wave inverters output lower quality power and are only compatible with certain appliances. As such, they can be used for simple systems that don\u2019t have any delicate electronics or audio equipment. Although some equipment may seem to be working fine with a modified sine wave inverter, they may actually run hotter and their lifespan may also be affected.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Pure vs modified sine wave\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022be89aeb6-d787-4bda-8d50-4c0fcf2277f6\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Pure%20sine%20wave%20vs%20mod%20sine%20wave-01.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGrid-tied inverters (used for energy efficiency)\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EString inverters are the least expensive option for use in grid-tied systems. With this type of inverter, there are large groups of panels wired together into strings. However, shade on one panel can affect the entire string. If the system is partially shaded, the efficiency of string inverters drops dramatically.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWith the provision of building a system in full sunlight, a great option will then be the string inverter - saving money, without sacrificing quality or efficiency. However, if there is shade or other obstructions to the system, consider string inverters with individual power optimizers on each panel.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPower optimizers allow the inverter to control the output of each panel independently. So if one panel gets shaded, the rest of the panels in the array will continue to produce at full strength. Optimizers also allow for the monitoring of the system on a per-panel basis.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMany string inverters can function with or without power optimizers. These are simply an extra cost to add the monitoring and shade mitigation functionality.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAnother option for grid-tied systems is the micro-inverter. The concept of micro-inverters is simple: attach an inverter to every panel. There are two main instances where micro-inverters should be used:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u2022 When starting with a small system, with a view of expanding down the road.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u2022 When importance is placed on monitoring and optimizing each panel independently.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhen pairing a micro-inverter with a panel, a self-contained single-panel solar energy system is created. Each will produce power, regardless of how many panels there are. This eliminates the need to rewire and re-balance panel strings when adding on to the system down the road. This is a more expensive option than string inverters, however, the overall yield is slightly higher.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHybrid inverters (used for load shedding)\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe most versatile option is the hybrid inverter. These accept DC and AC power, and various solar power applications are possible with hybrid variations. Here are a few advantages of hybrid inverters:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAffordable for its functionality\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPowers loads by using energy sources in the most efficient way\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIdeal choice for both business and residential use\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETo illustrate how hybrid inverters work, take for example a home that runs 1000 watts of power. In the event that solar panels can only produce half of this, the inverter will pull the remaining energy required from the battery. In the instance where there is no battery capacity available, the inverter then draws the remaining energy required from the grid.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMost modern hybrid inverters have the battery charger and connection built-in, making the future addition of a battery much easier. However, hybrid inverters are more expensive, when compared to grid-tied inverters.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOff-grid inverters\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOff-grid systems are typically used where there is no municipal connection. These systems are made up of the same equipment as a hybrid system, but have large battery banks. Furthermore, they are typically designed to operate for at least 3 days without any sun light. Solar power generated from panels charge the batteries directly. Off-grid inverters then invert the DC electricity from the batteries into AC electricity.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EConsidering a solar or back-up power solution? Need advice on inverters, batteries and more? Then \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003Eto our team of experts now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Oct 2020", "terms": "Solar, Back-Up Power, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Understanding Power Factor Correction - part 2", "nid": "485", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/ \u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022assembly line\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022be853c1d-0dff-4fb9-b69d-3e33ff05223b\u0022 height=\u0022306\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/AdobeStock_auto%20assembly%20line.jpeg\u0022 width=\u0022588\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Understanding-Power-Factor-Correction---pt-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart 1\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E of this informative 2-part read, we began by outlining what power factor is.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part 2, we discuss power factor correction and how it is performed to achieve a maximum power factor of 1 (unity).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe power of unity\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPower factor correction is performed to restore the power factor as close as possible to unity.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThis is done with the addition of capacitors to the electrical network. It will compensate for the reactive power demand of the inductive load, thus reducing the burden on the supply. It also has no effect on the operation of the equipment. These capacitors draw current, and that leads the voltage, producing a leading power factor. If a capacitor is connected to a circuit that has a nominally lagging power factor, the extent the circuit lags is reduced proportionally. The corrected power factor is in the range of 0.92 to 0.95.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe below diagram depicts the flow of power to a motor, with and without the inclusion of Capacitor Banks.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Flow of power\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a99b127a-d429-4887-baf1-5847aa19708c\u0022 height=\u0022296\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Diagram-redraw.png\u0022 width=\u0022526\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow to Improve Power Factor?\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe addition of capacitors connected in parallel with motors or lighting circuits can be done at the equipment distribution board, or at the origin of the installation. These capacitors act as reactive current generators. This reduces the total amount of current your system must draw from the utility. In theory, capacitors can provide 100% of the reactive power required, but in practice a power factor correction to approximately 95% is sufficient for maximum benefit.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Before PF\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022e955ff05-f489-483a-a1f3-d6690adecf3d\u0022 height=\u0022266\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Before%20PF.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022329\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022After PF\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00227dfa02c5-1521-4847-9bfe-8573e7808486\u0022 height=\u0022260\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/After%20PF.jpg\u0022 width=\u0022330\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe figures above depict the before and after effects of power factor correction respectfully, on a power triangle for a specific load \u003Cem\u003E(Taken from the eThekwini Tariff Booklet 2020-2021).\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAs seen in the before picture, the power factor is 0.7 and the demand charge for the load was R73\u00A0299.24 per month. When the power factor is improved to 0.99 as a result of the addition of capacitor banks, it can be seen that the demand charge for the load was reduced to R51\u00A0843.30 and this represents a saving of R21\u00A0455.94 per month.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPower factor correction that is applied at the origin of the installation consists of a controller monitoring the VAR\u2019s and performs the function of switching the capacitor in or out to maintain the power factor above the pre-set limit. Static power correction can be applied to each motor by connecting the correction capacitors to the motor starter. The two disadvantages of static power factor correction is that it can result in over or under correction and it cannot be connected at the output of various control equipment as it can damage the electronic components.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHave any questions on power factor correction?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInterested in adding power capacitors to your plant or upgrading the existing installation?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E \u003C/a\u003Eto our team of experts now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Apr 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "READ | Switch to Solar and take advantage of Tax Breaks", "nid": "433", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EHave you considered a solar energy solution for your business?\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EYour business is at the mercy of Eskom \u2013 that\u2019s not news. But there is a solution that\u2019s become too appealing to ignore\u2026 Solar Energy. What makes the switch to solar even more viable, is the fact that South African businesses can qualify for a solar energy tax break.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/solutions-solar/index.php\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Save with solar\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002255b73939-a699-40ce-b083-4b6212f5d5c2\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Save-Money-with-Solar.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003EUse solar energy tax breaks to boost your returns!\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESection 12B of the Income Tax Act (No 58 of 1962) was amended in 2016 in order to make an allowance for the depreciation of specific solar installations.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe accelerated depreciation allowance, as per the amendment, applies to solar systems that generate 1MW or less. It enables businesses to claim 100% depreciation in the year the system is commissioned.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhat criteria do companies need to meet in order to qualify for tax breaks?\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAs outlined in the Act, three critical requirements must be met to benefit from tax breaks:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe claim must be made in the same tax year that the system was commissioned\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe system must either be a roof top system, a grid-tied system or a ground-mounted system\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe energy generated from the solar system must be used for business purposes only\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ol\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003EThe fine print\u2026\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECompany tax in South-Africa is\u003Cstrong\u003E\u00A028%\u003C/strong\u003E. With this in mind, you can deduct the value of your new solar power system as a depreciation expense from your company\u2019s profits. Essentially, this means that your company\u2019s income tax liability will be decreased by the same value as the value of the installed solar system. Therefore, it is the same as getting a\u00A0\u003Cstrong\u003E28% discount\u003C/strong\u003E\u00A0on the price of your solar system!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGreat news - the tax break is applicable for all costs of the system, and its installation. This is also inclusive of the cost for components such as panels, AC inverters, DC combiner boxes, racking, cables and wiring. Installation and delivery costs are included too!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMoreover, tax breaks apply whether you pay for the solar system upfront or on credit. However, the break does not include financing.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWhat do tax breaks mean for companies?\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETax breaks help businesses free up cash flow, which is a much-appreciated benefit in a tough economic climate.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ESolar equipment will\u00A0pay for itself, in a few years. Moreover, the combination of getting energy for \u2018free\u2019, recouping costs via breaks, and no longer spending as much on grid power, makes the switch to solar an obvious choice.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cb\u003EWe provide trusted commercial solar solutions! \u00A0\u00A0\u00A0\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EConsidering solar for your business, but need a bit more information? Click \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/commercial-solar-offer-2020.pdf\u0022\u003Ehere\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/strong\u003Eto download our brochure.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/download/commercial-solar-offer-2020.pdf\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Invest in solar\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022435c4bf6-0c93-475e-916b-ffc9375811f8\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Invest%20in%20solar.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EChat\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to our solar and back-up power experts for a solution now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Oct 2020", "terms": "Solar, Education" } ]