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[ { "title": "LEARN | Solar Street Lighting", "nid": "621", "body": "\u003Cp\u003EHow can driving visibility, traffic safety, and pedestrian security be improved whilst reducing the carbon footprint on the planet? This article introduces you to solar street lighting, indicating the importance of it, the main components of the system and the types of systems that can be implemented.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA solar streetlight is an outdoor lighting fixture that uses the light energy given off by the sun to illuminate areas of darkness. It is a practical, simple, and cost-effective device that is used to create driving visibility, improve traffic safety, and enhance pedestrian security.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the Main Components of a Solar Street Light?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs seen in figure 1 below, the 4 main components of a solar streetlight are the solar panels, batteries, controllers, and LED lights. The solar panel is used to generate electricity by converting light energy into electrical energy. The conversion efficiency of a solar panel is inversely proportional to the size of it. Solar panels are made up multiple solar cells and the two types of solar cells that are used are mono-crystalline and poly crystalline. Mono-crystalline cells have a more appropriate conversation rate for street lighting hence it is the popular option.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Components of a solar street light\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00228fc59c88-f45d-4c59-a281-170d53bea35b\u0022 height=\u0022228\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/1.%20Components%20of%20a%20Street%20light.png\u0022 width=\u0022394\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EFig 1: The main components of a solar street light\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe solar charge controller is used to control the coordinated operation of the solar panel, battery, and the LED accessories. It is device that determines when to turn on or off the lighting and charging. The controller prevents overcharging or undercharging of the battery. The device will transmit the energy generated by the solar panels to the batteries during the day and at night the controller will supply the stored power from the battery to the LED streetlight.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA smart charge controller provides for an excellent energy generation, performance optimization and monitoring of each streetlight by cloud-based software.\u00A0 The use of a built-in communication network with a dedicated software assists for the control and proactive maintenance of the entire street light network.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EControllers are classified as either a simple ON/OFF control, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) device. ON/OFF control is used to provide protection for the battery by preventing overcharging, undercharging or the reversal of current.\u00A0 PWM is used to control the current charging the battery and provides trickle charging. MPPT is implemented in street lighting systems for high efficiency battery charging.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe battery is the energy storage component of the solar streetlight as it stores electricity generated during the day and powers the LED lamp at night. Lead acid batteries or lithium-ion batteries are the two most common types of batteries that are implemented. Lead acid batteries have a life span of 3-5 years and a cycle life of 1500-2500 cycles but have the disadvantage of taking a significant amount of time to charge. Lithium-ion batteries have a greater energy density as well as cycle life and are used in integrated streetlights that require a long cycle life, high energy density and small footprint. These batteries are also advantageous as it has a good thermal stability, high charging efficiency and a short charge time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESolar streetlights implement LED technology as it delivers a much higher lumen whilst using less energy. Apart from consuming less power, LED lights are more efficient, emit zero ultraviolet light and less prone to failures.\u00A0 Traditional streetlights operate for an average of 5,000 \u2013 8,000 working hours whilst LED fixtures have an average number of 50,000 working hours.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022solar street lights\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022ee7d3e08-0734-449a-add8-a3fcb1787951\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/solar-road-street-light-500x500.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat type of Solar Street Light Systems are there?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIdeally, solar street lighting should be off-grid or, at the very least, hybrid in operation\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Off-Grid Solar Street Lighting Systems\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn off-grid solar street lighting system is one in which each pole has an independent unit that consists of a power source namely Solar Panel or wind turbine, battery, light controller, and a LED light. It is system that can be installed in any area that has sunlight available and does not require electrical wiring or lot of manpower or money.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Hybrid Solar Street Lighting Systems\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA hybrid solar street lighting system is one in which each pole has a unit that consists of a power source namely grid power, Solar Panel or wind turbine, battery, light controller, and a LED light. It is system that can be installed in any area that has sunlight available and would have a grid connection as a backup source of energy. This is suitable for geographical locations that suffer low sunlight conditions during winter months.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn sum, Solar street lighting allows for grid-independent operation, eliminates the requirement of digging trenches and installing underground wiring as well as assists in the reduction of carbon emissions released into the environment. There are minimal ongoing costs and no energy bills that are associated with solar street lighting. Solar streetlights are advantageous in urban areas as they provide illumination to secondary roads, residential streets, driveways, pathways, parking lots and building perimeters.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESources:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.srnesolar.com/blog/solar-street-lighting-system-types\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.srnesolar.com/blog/solar-street-lighting-system-types\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.adnsolarstreetlight.com/all-types-of-solar-street-lights-review/\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.adnsolarstreetlight.com/all-types-of-solar-street-lights-review/\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Jun 2022", "terms": "Lighting, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Human Centric Lighting", "nid": "620", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022HCL\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00220a0ba5f3-48d9-4a15-b25f-f5b873b8dd15\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Bulb%20head%20image_0.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDid you know that lighting in the workplace could negatively influence your employee\u2019s productivity, wellbeing, and mood? However, the implementation of human centric lighting in the workplace will assist in ensuring your employees are less agitated and more productive. This article introduces you to human centric lighting, explaining its effects on your employee\u2019s health and gives an overview of what you should look at when installing a human centric lighting system in your workplace.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is Human Centric Lighting?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHuman centric lighting is the process of creating lighting in an area so that it can imitate natural daylight. This natural daylight drives our bodily functions. Implementing this process in the workplace will enhance human performance, comfort, health, and well-being.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EApart from vision which allows humans to identify brightness, shapes, colours and images, light also influences our biology. It impacts our hormones, alertness, attention as well as fatigue and influences our body clock and circadian rhythm.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a result of this, human centric lighting is a holistic approach that must consider all aspects of how a lighting system will affect people in a workplace as it will have an influence on their wellbeing, productivity, or mood.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EHow does Human Centric Lighting affect Health?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe circadian rhythm is a 24-hour running clock that runs in the background of your brain and cycles between sleepiness and alertness at regular intervals. As it responds to lightness and darkness, too much or too little exposure to these types of light will start to affect the behaviour as well as the personal health of a person. If a person is exposed to a reduced amount of light during the day, it will result in melatonin levels decreasing causing them to not have a peaceful sleep. This causes the person to be sluggish, tired, and less productive during the day. \u00A0If the intensity of the light and colour temperature is adjusted in a workplace, it will result in employees having fewer symptoms, fewer trips and falls and are less agitated.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EQuantifying the Effect\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe melanopic/photopic (MR)\u00A0 ratio is a metric that is used to quantify lightings circadian effect. Warm colour temperatures are around 2,200K and have a low MR as they have less blue/cyan content. This makes them ideal for relaxation and preparation for sleep. Cool colour temperatures are around 6,500 K and tend to have a high MR. These lights have more blue/cyan content which suppresses melatonin and are ideal for daytime alertness and productivity in factories or offices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Different types of natural light.\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00220f6ee3d7-b45f-4e2d-a058-1af52e076cf2\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/HCL%20Image%201.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EFig 1: Different types of natural light.\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cu\u003EIncorporating Human Centric Lighting in your Workplace\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe four parameters that require attention when installing human-centric lighting are spectrum, intensity, time, and duration as well as distribution.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003ESpectrum:\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nBlue wavelengths that are present in light are the biologically active parts. Hence, cool white lights that have wavelengths in the blue spectrum are used to simulate the morning and provides a boost when high concentration and alertness is needed. Warm light is required in the evening to aid relaxation and rest.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EIntensity:\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nIntensity is essential as studies conducted showed that a certain amount of light is required to influence biological processes in the human body. It is important to implement solutions that provide the right amount of light, but also unwanted glare and energy consumption should be considered.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ETiming and Duration:\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nLight is most effective in the morning as it indicates to persons biological clock that the day has begun, and bodily functions are required to be activated. Also, the exposure of light in the evening will suppress the production of melatonin and make it difficult to sleep at night.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDistribution:\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nTo ensure light has a biological effect on our bodies, our eyes are required to perceive bright areas in the room as effectively as possible. The receptors that affect our circadian system are sensitive in the lower and nasal part of the eye therefore illumination of surfaces in the upper part of the field of view is required.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHuman centric lighting focuses on the people that are using the workspace and their need for natural light. As stated before, a neutral or cool white colour of light will promote activity whilst a warm colour in the workplace will promote relaxation. As seen in figure 2, it is best to implement lighting with a cool white colour temperature in the mid-morning to replicate the natural light during that period and gradually phased throughout the day as it will assist in supporting the circadian rhythm.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Blue-white vs amber lighting during the day. \u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022ff2226b8-2a26-47e9-bfdb-dda59bf21132\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/HCL%20Image%202.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EFig 2: Blue-white vs amber lighting during the day.\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the day goes on, a colour shift is required as daylight will no longer be available. It would be best to change from a cool colour to a warm colour to mimic the sun setting as seen in figure 3.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Figure 3 - Blue-white light vs amber light for the evening. \u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022607568f9-8b0e-4cb6-9270-596db3487cd0\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/HCL%20Image%203.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EFigure 3 - Blue-white light vs amber light for the evening.\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe implementation of shade automation is also important to adjust the shade positioning as it will assist occupants of the room in avoiding direct glare, heat gain and thermal discomfort.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResources:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsidering implementing or maintaining a human centric lighting system in your workplace, \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003ECHAT\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E to us!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003ESUBSCRIBE\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E to receive these informative articles, straight to your inbox.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESources:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.osram.com/os/applications/human-centric-lighting/index.jsp\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.osram.com/os/applications/human-centric-lighting/index.jsp\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.buildings.com/articles/27689/what-you-need-know-about-human-centric-lighting\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.buildings.com/articles/27689/what-you-need-know-about-human-centric-lighting\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://glamox.com/gsx/human-centric-lighting#why\u0022\u003Ehttps://glamox.com/gsx/human-centric-lighting#why\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Jun 2022", "terms": "Lighting, Education" }, { "title": "DISCOVER | Schneider\u0026#039;s EasyPact TVS Range", "nid": "619", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EContactors, thermal overload relays, control relays and circuit breakers - Schneider Electric has a comprehensive range for reliable motor control and protection...\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe EasyPact TVS range is precision-engineered to give designers, OEMs and panel builders a motor starter solution that perfectly balances performance, cost-effectiveness and quality.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EManufactured from premium materials in ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 certified production plants, the EasyPact TVS range us fully tested and certified by national, international and third-party organisations to all relevant safety standards.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://shop.magnet.co.za/#!search/easypact-tvs\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022EasyPact\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022afd57097-d972-41ca-9ed5-433c4f74ec0e\u0022 height=\u0022390\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Schneider%20EasyPact.png\u0022 width=\u0022715\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://shop.magnet.co.za/#!search/easypact-tvs\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESHOP\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E this competitively-priced range on the Magnet Store now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor more information, \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003ECHAT\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E to our sales team:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2022", "terms": "Electrical, Products, Schneider" }, { "title": "READ | Optimal Power Management", "nid": "618", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Power management\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022a2f6a367-4b9e-4e90-8c85-e8cd97bc393d\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Newsletter%20image%2031%20May%2022.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EElectric motors have been the backbone for manufacturing industries which have for long relied on the efficiency in the systems brought by electric motors.\u003C/strong\u003E The idea behind electric motors is straightforward \u2013 supply electricity at one end and an axle or the metal rod rotate at the other end giving you the power to drive a machine. This traditional form of motoring operation has been transformed over a span of 200 years and is now an advanced technical breakthrough in the power generation and industrial automation sector.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe manufacturing industry dominates today\u2019s market and the industrial sphere.\u003C/strong\u003E In this sector, a significant chunk of power is consumed to convert raw materials into finished goods. It is a necessary resource as over 50% of the work completed in today\u2019s manufacturing plant is achieved by electric motors or the new age\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.se.com/in/en/product-subcategory/2935-servo-drives-and-motors/\u0022\u003Eservo motors\u003C/a\u003E. As per a study conducted to understand the electricity consumption trends, it has been estimated that this percentage will continue to increase to sustain the production rate in the future.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs the production and manufacturing sector immensely relies on electric motors, it is essential to ensure that motors and\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.se.com/in/en/product-category/3000-motor-starters-and-protection-components/\u0022\u003Emotor starters\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0are adequately protected.\u003C/strong\u003E Doing this will provide maximum operating time and cut down on the chances of outages. In today\u2019s highly complex industrial setups, improperly protected motors/circuits can result in unexpected production downtime, losses and breakdowns in the machinery. Over the last few decades, a significant amount of resources have been deployed to make the operating systems sound and efficient. The control manufacturers have mainly been involved in in the development of improved and cost-effective short-circuit protection and\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.se.com/in/en/product-subcategory/4665-motor-protection/\u0022\u003Emotor protection\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0devices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo ensure motor protection, overload relays are used in circuits to protect motors and motor conductors.\u00A0 It saves the system from damages caused by prolonged periods of overcurrent circuit conditions. \u003Cstrong\u003EThe function of these relays are:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- Allow harmless temporary overloads (such as motor starters) without disrupting the circuit\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Will trip and open a circuit if current is high enough to cause motor damage over a period of time\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Can be reset once the overload is removed If motors are exposed to increased levels of continuous current and prolonged periods at locked rotor condition, damage to the motor and motor circuit conductors can occur.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMotors can be damaged or destroyed under any of the following conditions:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E- Low or high supply voltage\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Phase unbalance\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Continuous excessive loading\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Single-phasing\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Jam or stall conditions\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Ground/earth faults\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Mechanical failures such as seized motor bearing or binding mechanical linkages\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThus, the integration of proper servo motors can go a long way in ensuring that the system of\u00A0\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.se.com/in/en/product-subcategory/5430-power-management-system/\u0022\u003Epower management\u003C/a\u003E\u00A0can be optimised to a substantial extent. Doing so will ensure that little to no problems are experienced by businesses further down the line, ultimately leading to a situation where the goal of proper power management can be accomplished with the greatest of ease.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResources:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E1. \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/solutions-electrical/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Motor-Protection-Pt-5--Coordinated-Motor-Starters\u0022\u003EREAD\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E our series on Motor Protection\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E2. \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/contactus.html\u0022\u003ECHAT\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E to us for a Schneider Electric Power Management solution for your facility\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E3. \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003ESUBSCRIBE\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E to receive these informative articles straight to your inbox\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESource:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://blog.se.com/energy-management-energy-efficiency/2018/10/11/how-motor-protection-can-help-in-optimal-power-management/\u0022\u003Ehttps://blog.se.com/energy-management-energy-efficiency/2018/10/11/how-motor-protection-can-help-in-optimal-power-management/\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2022", "terms": "Electrical, Education, Schneider" }, { "title": "LEARN | Lithium-Ion vs Lead Acid Batteries Part 2", "nid": "617", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022battery house\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00220087c75c-d5f7-4ac8-8106-0d66f9efb77b\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/energy-storage-system-blog-3_2.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=LEARN--Lithium-Ion-vs-Lead-Acid-Batteries-Part-1\u0022\u003EPart 1\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E of the series, we tackled lithium-ion batteries. Part 2 goes on to discuss lead acid batteries, and summarises a comparison of both. Consider this comparison of these batteries to help you in selecting the correct type of battery for your home or business\u2026\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ELead Acid Batteries\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELead acid batteries are large capacity rechargeable batteries. These batteries are used in automobiles, electric vehicles, boats, solar systems, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). They are composed of several individual cells that contain layers of lead alloy plates which are immersed in an electrolyte solution. Metals such as antimony, calcium, tin, selenium are sometimes included to provide more mechanical strength and enhance electrical properties. The electrolyte solution is made up of 35% sulfuric acid and 65% water, and energy is produced due to the chemical reactions that occurs between the sulfuric acid and the lead plates.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EHow Does a Lead Acid Battery Work?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA lead acid battery is composed of two chemically dissimilar lead-based plates in a dilute sulphuric acid solution. The positive plate will contain lead dioxide (PbO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E) whilst the negative plate will consist of pure lead in a spongy form.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the battery discharges, sulphite ions present in the electrolyte will interact with the negative and positive plates and this leads to the formation of lead sulphate on both. A reduction in the specific gravity in proportion to the charge delivered is experienced when there is a loss of sulphite ions in the electrolyte. As the battery charges again, the electric current will convert the plates back to a charged state, and the sulphate will be converted back to sulphuric acid. The specific gravity of the electrolyte will subsequently increase again as a result.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Lead Acid battery\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u00221ec12685-564d-4e5c-90f2-3e6e6174277c\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Lead%20Acid%20Battery.png\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003ELead Acid Battery\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the Different Types of Lead Acid Batteries?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVented lead acid batteries allow for gas to escape the battery without any positive pressure building up in the cells. These batteries can be topped up if required and are more tolerant to overcharging and high temperature when in operation. The free electrolytes present also assists in the cooling of the battery.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESealed lead acid batteries are maintenance-free batteries that are sealed with a pressure release valve. The presence of a pressure release valve will limit the escape of the gas to release the pressure. The electrolyte present in the battery is immobilised to prevent spillage and facilitate gas recombination. These batteries are smaller in size and are installed in locations where ventilation is insufficient. These batteries are more susceptible to failure if operating at a higher temperature when compared to vented lead acid batteries.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ELithium-Ion vs Lead Acid Batteries\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECost\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELead acid batteries outperform lithium-ion batteries when comparing the cost of the batteries to each other. Although lead acid batteries are cheaper, the lifetime value of lithium-ion batteries evens the cost out and mostly outperforms lead acid in terms of cost over time.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ECapacity\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe capacity of the battery is the amount of energy that can be stored and eventually discharged by the battery. Lithium-ion batteries have a significantly higher energy density than lead acid batteries thus allowing them to store more energy in the same physical space.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EDepth of Discharge\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe depth of discharge of a battery represents the percentage of the battery that can be safely drained without damaging the battery. It is normal to use 85% or more of a lithium-ion battery\u2019s total capacity in a single cycle, whilst lead acid batteries should not be discharged past roughly 50%. This will result in negatively impacting the lifetime of the battery.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EEfficiency\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA battery that has a higher efficiency will charge faster and have a higher effective battery capacity. Lithium-ion batteries are 95% or more efficient whilst lead acid batteries are closer to 80-85%.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ELifespan\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBatteries degrade over time and become less effective as they age. Lithium-ion batteries have a longer effective lifespan, as they last several times the number of cycles when compared to lead acid batteries.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EShould you install a lead acid battery or a lithium-ion battery?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth lead acid and lithium-ion batteries are effective options for battery backup systems. Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred option despite the higher cost as it has a longer lifetime, higher efficiency, and higher energy density. Lead acid batteries will be a better option for an off gird solar installation if it is not used frequently.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe table below summarises the advantages that Lithium-Ion batteries have over Lead Acid.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnet.co.za/news-letter.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Table batteries\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002240122885-c2c6-48fb-916b-344886fa8cfc\u0022 height=\u0022155\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Table%201_2.JPG\u0022 width=\u0022842\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs seen above, the lithium-ion battery technology is superior when compared to lead acid, because of its reliability, capacity, depth of charge and efficiency. Lead acid batteries are often used in small off-grid storage systems that are not used regularly because of it being cheaper in cost.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBuy your batteries online. Shop the \u003Ca href=\u0022https://shop.magnet.co.za/\u0022\u003EMagnet Store\u003C/a\u003E now!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESources:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Lithium-Ion_TechNote-2019_update.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.lightingglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Lithium-Ion_TechNote-2019_update.pdf\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://news.energysage.com/lithium-ion-vs-lead-acid-batteries/\u0022\u003Ehttps://news.energysage.com/lithium-ion-vs-lead-acid-batteries/\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.battery.co.za/wp-content/themes/battery/dl/IndustrialBatteriesTypesSelection.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.battery.co.za/wp-content/themes/battery/dl/IndustrialBatteriesTypesSelection.pdf\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://ehs.umass.edu/sites/default/files/Battery%20SOP.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttps://ehs.umass.edu/sites/default/files/Battery%20SOP.pdf\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "May 2022", "terms": "Back-Up Power, Education, General" } ]