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[ { "title": "NEW SERIES - The Fundamentals of Circuit Breakers (part 3)", "nid": "464", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe next article in our series on \u003Cstrong\u003ECircuit Breakers\u003C/strong\u003E discusses a few common types of breakers.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMissed out on the first two articles? Follow the links below to catch up on parts one and two in the series:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=NEW-SERIES--The-Fundamentals-of-Circuit-Breakers---part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart One\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n- Gain an understanding of what circuit breakers are, how they work and how they compare to fuses.\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=NEW-SERIES---The-Fundamentals-of-Circuit-Breakers-part-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart Two\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n-\u00A0Learn about what circuit breakers typically comprise of.\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn the third article of the series, we give you an overview of miniature, molded case, residual current and air circuit breakers\u2026.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ETypes of Circuit Breakers\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Miniature Circuit Breakers \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) serves the purpose of both switching and preventing damage to an electrical circuit when excess current flows. It is an electromechanical device that protects the electrical wires and load from overcurrent to prevent damage or fire.\u00A0 MCB\u2019s are used in domestic applications because of the overload and short circuit protection they offer, as well as the ease with which they can be reset.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Molded Case Circuit Breakers\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is used when the load current exceeds the limit of a miniature circuit breaker. MCCBs are used in industrial applications because of their wide current ratings and higher breaking capacity. They offer adequate protection when an application requires discrimination, adjustable overload settings or earth fault protection.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Table below highlights a few differences between MCBs and MCCBs:\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Ctable border=\u00223\u0022 cellpadding=\u00221\u0022 cellspacing=\u00221\u0022 style=\u0022width: 650px;\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cthead\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Cth scope=\u0022col\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003EMCB\u003C/th\u003E\n\u003Cth scope=\u0022col\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003EMCCB\u003C/th\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/thead\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003EMaximum rated current of 125A\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003EMaximum rated current of 1600A\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003EMaximum interrupted current rating is less than 10kA\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003EMaximum interrupted current rating is in the range of 10 \u2013 85 kA\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003EUsed in applications that require a low breaking capacity\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003EUsed in applications that require either low or high breaking capacity\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003ETrip characteristics are not adjustable\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003ETrip characteristics can be fixed or adjustable depending on the application\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 315px;\u0022\u003EProvides protection for electrical wiring and equipment\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022 style=\u0022width: 322px;\u0022\u003EProvides protection for electrical wiring and equipment\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\n\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Residual Current Circuit Breakers\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) is a device that disconnects the electrical circuit in the event of leakage current flowing through a living being, or when the current is not balanced between the phase and neutral conductor. It detects and trips the circuit in the event of leakage current, preventing shock caused by direct contact. The device is used in series with an MCB and is a necessity for shock protection.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Air Circuit Breakers\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is electronic equipment that is used for the protection of electric circuits from short circuits or overcurrent. ACBs are used in the switching mechanism and protection of the electrical system. Standard ACB ratings typically range from 400A to 1600A. Some of the higher class ACBs typically have a maximum current rating of 5000A.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Electrical Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Air Circuit Breaker\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002238e08447-0eb2-4fcb-bf09-51266ab9d1ef\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Large-Air-Circuit-Breaker-Principle%20-%20blog.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFunctions: \u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt opens or closes a circuit automatically or manually.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOpens circuits automatically when a fault takes place such as over current, short circuit, earth fault, over frequency, reverse power, etc.\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIt dampens the arcing in case of overloading\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETypes:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EPlain Break type ACB\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMagnetic Blowout Type ACB\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAir Chute ACB\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003Cli class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAir Blast Circuit Breaker\u003C/li\u003E\n\u003C/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ELearn more about Circuit breaker technology\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhat to learn more?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETake an in depth look at circuit breakers with a special emphasis on the Eaton\u0027s most technologically advanced circuit breaker, the Power Defence molded case circuit breaker...\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBPV2r7VTgw\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHERE\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to watch the video now!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "NEW SERIES - The Fundamentals of Circuit Breakers (part 2)", "nid": "463", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this NEW series, we will be taking you through the ins and outs of circuit breaker technology.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.magnetgroup.co.za/news.php?type=articles\u0026amp;name=NEW-SERIES--The-Fundamentals-of-Circuit-Breakers---part-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPart one\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E of the series shares a basic understanding of what circuit breakers are, how they work and how they compare to fuses.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn Part two below, we get into the detail of circuit breaker components.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWatch this space to catch the full series!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat does a circuit breaker comprise of? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAlthough low and medium voltage circuit breakers have unique designs that are specific to amperage, voltage and application, there are five main components that are universal across the different types of circuit breakers.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E1. Frames\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe circuit breaker frame provides the rigidity and strength required to successfully deal with the interruption process and achieve the desired interrupting ratings. It insulates and isolates the electrical current in order to protect people and equipment during use or operation.\u00A0 Frames can be made from metal or molded insulating materials.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMetal Frame\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA metal frame is assembled from precise metal pieces that are bolted and welded together to form the frame.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMolded Case\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMolded case frames are made from strong insulating materials such as glass-polyester or thermoset composite resins (plastic frames).\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E2. Operating Mechanism\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThere are two types of operating mechanisms, over toggle and two step stored energy.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EOver Toggle\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe function of the operating mechanism is to provide a means of opening and closing the circuit breaker. This toggle mechanism is the quick-make, quick-break type, meaning that the speed with which the contacts snap open or close is independent of how fast the handle is moved.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn addition to indicating whether the breaker is ON or OFF, the operating mechanism handle indicates when the breaker is tripped by mobbing to a position midway between the ON and OFF.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003ETwo Step Stored Energy\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe two-step stored energy mechanism is used when a large amount of energy is required to close the circuit breaker and when it needs to close rapidly. The major advantages of this mechanism are rapid reclosing and safety. Rapid reclosing is achieved by storing charged energy in a separate closing spring. Safety is achieved by providing remote charging of the spring.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe two-step stored energy process is designed to charge the closing spring and release energy to close the circuit breaker. It uses separate opening and closing springs. This is important because it permits the closing spring to be charged independently of the opening process. This allows for an open-close-open duty cycle.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E3. Contacts\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EContacts are found in the arc interruption chamber (in low voltage circuit breakers) and in the vacuum interrupter (in medium voltage vacuum circuit breakers). The contact assembly consists of the movable contact, the movable contact arm, the stationary contact and the stationary conductor. As the circuit breaker opens or closes, the fixed contact moves to close (make) or open (break) the circuit.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe contacts are designed to protect against two fault conditions:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E1. Overcurrent (thermal overload)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E2. Short Circuit (magnetic)\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E4. Arc Extingusher\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn arc is a discharge of electric current crossing a gap between two contacts. Arcs are formed when the contacts of a circuit breaker open due to larger than normal current. Arcing is a condition that must be dealt with quickly and effectively by a circuit breaker. The ability of the circuit breaker to control the arc is key to its short circuit interrupting capability. An arc extinguisher is the component of the circuit breaker that extinguishes an arc when the contacts are opened. Circuit breakers must be designed to control them because arcs cannot be prevented.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003E5. Trip Unit\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe function of a trip unit is to trip or open the operating mechanism in the event of a prolonged overload or short circuit fault condition such as thermal overload, short circuit currents and specialty faults. To accomplish this, an electromechanical or a solid state trip unit is provided.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EElectromechanical trip units utilize bimetals and electromagnets to provide overload and short circuit protection and do not include any specialty protection such as ground fault. They are commonly used in low voltage circuit breakers.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EElectronic trip units offer capabilities such as programming monitoring diagnostics communications system coordination and testing that are not available on thermal magnetic trip units.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Summary of components\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002223ac7c32-e650-4c92-b2f7-e87305320fca\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/CB%20Components.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cu\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESource:\u00A0\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/u\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nClick \u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/products/electrical-circuit-protection/circuit-breakers/circuit-breakers-fundamentals.html\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHERE\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/a\u003E to learn more about circuit breakers.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENeed a solution for your facility? \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za?subject=Eaton Enquiry\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECHAT\u003C/strong\u003E\u00A0\u003C/a\u003Eto us now!\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Feb 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "NEW SERIES | The Fundamentals of Circuit Breakers - part 1", "nid": "460", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EHigh magnitude abnormal currents could be a result of various faults that may occur at your facility. These lead to the unnecessary replacement of equipment and electrical wiring - a costly affair, especially if it causes production downtime\u2026. Is there protection that will prevent this from happening in your facility?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this NEW series, we will be taking you through the ins and outs of circuit breaker technology. In part one of the series, we give you an understanding of what circuit breakers are, how they work and how they compare to fuses.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat is a Circuit Breaker?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EA circuit breaker is an electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overcurrent/overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after protective relays detect a fault.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EHow does a Circuit Breaker Work?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAll circuit breakers consist of fixed and moving contacts. These contacts are in contact with each other in normal current carrying conditions. The contacts are engaged with each other by the pressure of a spring when the circuit breaker is closed.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe live wire is wound around the magnet to create a solenoid (electromagnet). The number of turns around the magnet is calculated based on the specified fault current rating. Load current passes through the electromagnet coils so the electromagnet responds to short-circuit currents. A high-level of current thus makes the electromagnet generate enough field strength to attract a nearby iron (contact). As the contact moves toward the electromagnet, the contact rotates the trip bar to trip the breaker, open the current path, and de-energize the electromagnet coils.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn normal operating conditions, the circuit breaker arms can either be opened or closed for switching and the maintenance of the electrical system. A circuit breaker can be opened by applying pressure to a trigger.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIf a fault has to occur, the solenoid\u00A0is energized resulting in the contacts being separated, thus opening the circuit.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Inside a circuit breaker\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022f6b7d6ce-c25b-49ca-b9ff-e4edc2e758cb\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/circuitbreaker_02.gif\u0022 /\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EDiagram of a typical Low Voltage Magnetic Circuit Breaker\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhat are the main differences between circuit breakers and fuses? \u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECommon overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs) include circuit breakers and fuses. While the purpose of the fuses and circuit breakers is the same, there are fundamental differences, which are important to understand when making selections for protection of equipment and personnel.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022CBs vs Fuses\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022c74522de-ccab-40f4-9a77-ac569a1d1ff0\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/CBs%20vs%20Fuses.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWhy should you choose circuit breakers over fuses?\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EMotor protection is essential to maintaining productivity in processing and manufacturing operations. Typically, the lower cost of fuses often resulted in them being chosen over circuit breakers for this application. However, with the evolution of breakers over the years, we are seeing breakers being used more widely than fuses. Comparing modern circuit breakers to fuses reveals how circuit breakers can help machine manufacturers and facility management teams achieve greater safety and reliability, lower costs, and support for energy management initiatives. Here are 5 reasons why circuit breakers should be chosen over fuses:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. Enhanced safety and reduced downtime\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOne of the reported causes of fires in industrial environments is a fuse that has been replaced with the wrong model or rating, or even with wires or paper clips. These kinds of mistakes are avoided with circuit breakers, as they usually do not require replacement after a trip. Additionally, replacing fuses takes more time than simply reclosing a breaker. This means circuit breakers help minimize downtime and production losses.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. Consistent performance\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EOne downside of fuses is that their performance can degrade due to aging, even causing them to open during normal conditions. In addition, there is no way to test a fuse, so you will never know the exact current value that will cause it to open. In contrast, circuit breakers are tested during manufacture and can also be retested during their operating life to ensure performance is maintained.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. Optimal functionality\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EUnlike fuses, circuit breakers can be enhanced with additional functions, such as ground fault protection. They also allow for system coordination between breakers (e.g. selectivity, cascading). The newest, most advanced circuit breakers offer a large breadth of capabilities in a compact size with flexible designs that enable field-upgrading. Add-ons can include remote control and status indication, alarm and auxiliary contacts, power and energy measurements, and network communications.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. Extended protection\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe breaking capacity of a circuit breaker can be greater than equivalent fuses (up to 150 kA). And under overload conditions, a circuit breaker can trip up to 1000 times faster than a fuse. Some circuit breakers also provide exceptional fault current limitation, a capability previously associated only with fuses. This not only supports reliable protection, it also reduces asset aging and extends service life. Another aspect of protection to keep in mind is that it\u2019s common for only one of three fuses to open, causing a motor to continue running on two phases, as well as potentially experiencing an overload. This will never happen with a circuit breaker, which will always break all three phases simultaneously.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. Cost savings\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EWhile the cost of a single fuse may be less than that of a breaker, the cost of a complete fuse installation is more significant. This is because three fuses are required for a three-phase circuit, each requiring a fuse base. Fuses do not have built-in switching capability so the addition of an upstream switch is required. Furthermore, fuses require larger enclosures, due to their heat dissipation. Lastly, when one fuse opens, all three should be replaced. Thus, in total, the complete cost of using fuses can be greater than a circuit breaker.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Reasons to choose a CB over a fuse\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002299c658af-582e-464e-95d9-7f48b4c56cec\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/CBs%20vs%20Fuses%20-%20reasons%20to%20choose%20CBs.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cu\u003EWatch this space\u003C/u\u003E\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn the second instalment of the series, we go into detail about the various components of a circuit breaker. Watch this space to learn more!\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAre you experiencing regular downtime, or perhaps you\u2019re looking at measures to ensure cost savings in your production? Chat to one of our electrical experts, we\u2019ll recommend solutions to ensure your facility runs smoothly!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Jan 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "LEARN | Transient Earth Faults", "nid": "458", "body": "\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003ETransient earth faults can be dangerous to your workforce, and can also be the cause of significant downtime. Is your facility adequately protected against them?\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIn this article, we\u2019re giving you a basic understanding of transient earth faults, how to detect them and how to prevent them.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDescribing Transient Earth Faults\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nA transient earth fault is an inadvertent fault that occurs when a conductive path is created between the phase and ground conductor. It results in the electrical system being short-circuited and this current then flows through the system.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe cause of Transient Earth Faults \u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nEarth faults in an overhead transmission or distribution line can be caused by either a natural phenomenon or the failure of an insulator. Examples of natural phenomena are a lightning-induced overvoltage. Insulators are used on overhead lines to provide insulation between the conductor and the metallic tower which is connected to earth. In the event of an insulation failure, the fault current will flow through the live conductor and the metallic tower to earth.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Lightning \u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022859841d6-88fb-49eb-8a67-041c4f81950a\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Lightning%20on%20lines.jpg\u0022 /\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003ELightning strike on an overhead transmission line\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EExplaining Contact Voltage\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nA voltage is induced when the earth fault current flows through the protective earth conductor. This voltage exists between the exposed conductor part and the main earthing point. The magnitude of the voltage is a function of the earth fault current and the impedance of the protective earth conductor between the fault and earthing point.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe induced voltage is referred to as the contact voltage (U\u003Csub\u003Ec\u003C/sub\u003E). It represents the magnitude of the voltage experienced if a living being had to come in contact with the earthed conductive part.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDetection of Transient Earth Faults\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nWhen there is an earth fault in a conductor, at the start of the earth fault, three events occur at the same time...\u003Cbr /\u003E\nLearn more about the science behind the detection of transient earth faults here:\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\u0022https://www.a-eberle.de/sites/default/files/media/I006-1-D-1-001-04_Infobrief%20Nr%2006-EN.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttps://www.a-eberle.de/sites/default/files/media/I006-1-D-1-001-04_Infobrief%20Nr%2006-EN.pdf\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDamage associated with Transient Earth Faults\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nAn earth fault may energise conductive parts that are expected to be at the same potential as ground. This can lead to a living being experiencing an electric shock if they had to come in contact with the earthed conductive part. Electrical arcing hazards can also be caused by earth faults and these may result in fires, explosions, injury or even death.\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cfigure role=\u0022group\u0022 class=\u0022caption caption-img align-center\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\u0022Open flash\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022ed93d36e-c64e-4ec9-85f7-7d6b13c350ee\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/open-flash-1024x809.jpg\u0022 /\u003E\n\u003Cfigcaption\u003EElectrical arcing hazard\u003C/figcaption\u003E\n\u003C/figure\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPrevention of Transient Earth Faults\u003C/strong\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\nEarth fault relays are implemented in transformers as well as medium and high voltage systems. They are designed to sense fault currents that are much greater in magnitude. These relays operate by sensing the high current that flows to the grounded neutral of the transformer when a phase to ground fault occurs. The earth fault relay is connected to the trip circuit of the circuit breaker and opens it in the event of an earth fault.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EIs your facility protected against earth faults? Chat to our electrical experts for overcurrent protection, voltage regulation and much more!\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Jan 2021", "terms": "Electrical, Education" }, { "title": "READ | The IoT Story", "nid": "454", "body": "\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022iOT\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022afaf9dd0-2747-4dcf-a9c7-596f3cbcd765\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/IOT-image-%20newsletter.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe first \u201Cthing\u201D on the Internet was created in 1982: a soda machine at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that reported on the number and the temperature of the drinks it contained. It was unique back then, but by some point in 2008 or 2009, the number of things connected to the Internet came to exceed the world\u2019s human population for the first time in history. Since then, the \u201CInternet of Things\u201D (IoT) has experienced a rapid expansion. According to predictions, the number of \u201Cthings\u201D will exceed 30 billion in 2020 and 75 billion in 2025, worth an estimated $1.6 trillion.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EData is valuable\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThere\u2019s a good reason why more and more devices are being connected to the Internet: Data is valuable. Value is created as soon as the information is used to trigger an action such as placing a maintenance order, jamming the brakes, or closing the valve. Several examples show how value is created by the IoT:\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E1. PRODUCT IMPROVEMENTS:\u003C/strong\u003E In the food industry, monitoring of food processing temperatures, as well as the age and chemical make-up of raw material, increases the quality, safety, and shelf-life of products.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E2. MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCY:\u003C/strong\u003E Unplanned down time in factories or in transportation systems is not only an efficiency killer; it is expensive and dangerous. By detecting sub-optimal asset functioning (factory equipment, for example), maintenance can be performed before the equipment fails.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E3. WASTE REDUCTION\u003C/strong\u003E: Real-time information about resource consumption, be it electricity moving through a smart grid, gas flowing through pipes or material required in a factory, makes it possible to apply resources as needed as well as identify leaks, thus reducing or eliminating waste.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E4. OPTIMIZED PRODUCTION:\u003C/strong\u003E The IoT also plays a key role in the future of manufacturing. Industry 4.0 is creating a new paradigm for production halls. By networking of all parts of the supply and production chains, production can be optimized and instantly adapted to new requirements including the production of customized products (batch size one) at competitive prices.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5. DISRUPTIVE BUSINESS MODELS:\u003C/strong\u003E Changing the way business is conducted in industries, e.g. \u201CPay per Use\u201D or \u201CAs a Service\u201D business models instead of selling the machines.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIoT feeds the Digital Twins\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EAn integral part of the \u201CIndustrial IoT\u201D concept is that its components are enhanced by \u201CDigital Twins\u201D in the virtual world. The Digital Twin is a virtual representation of functionalities and data associated with a device or technical system. It covers the full lifecycle of the product: For the design and engineering phase, it may contain physical properties of the device, CAD drawings, and functionality descriptions. For production planning, it contains for example the assembly instructions. In production execution, it starts to collect information about the circumstances of production of the actual product like its quality. During operation and maintenance, all relevant events like critical sensor readings, faults, and service events are recorded. It is the role of IoT to collect the data from production and operation and feed it into the digital twins to keep the virtual representations up to date.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E5G as the driver\u00A0\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Internet of Things is expected to receive a tremendous boost from the next-generation mobile network. One benefit of\u00A05G is that sensors can be connected to the Internet inexpensively, without consuming a lot of energy and with short response times\u00A0\u2013 which makes it extremely valuable for industry and self-driving cars, for example. Until now, devices have usually been connected by cables or established radio standards like WiFi, Bluetooth, or ZigBee.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003EThe Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way we live. Having become ubiquitous in the consumer economy, IoT is now emerging as a force in all industries. This is no coincidence. The Internet of Things creates measurable value for private and public organizations alike.\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-align-justify\u0022\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESource:\u003C/strong\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003Ehttps://new.siemens.com/global/en/company/stories/research-technologies/digitaltwin/iot-story.html\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cem\u003EChristian Buck, Chris Winkler\u003Cbr /\u003E\nJanuary 2020\u003C/em\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hello@magnetgroup.co.za\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\u0022siemens partner logo\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022file\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u0022fbd0a35a-28e9-4918-9fff-ec6f5cefc876\u0022 src=\u0022/cms/drupal8-magnetgroup/sites/default/files/inline-images/Big%20approved%20partner%20Value%20Added%20Reseller%20logo_1.jpg\u0022 class=\u0022align-center\u0022 /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u00A0\u003C/p\u003E\n", "created": "Nov 2020", "terms": "Electrical, Education" } ]